// Test with max int value (unsigned interpretation)
        buffer.putInt(0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
        assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF, NtlmMessage.readULong(data, 0), "Should read max ULong correctly.");

        // Test with a negative int (should be interpreted as unsigned positive)
        buffer.putInt(0, -1); // -1 is 0xFFFFFFFF

    }

    /**
     * Reads an unsigned byte value.
     * @return the unsigned byte value as an integer
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public int readUnsignedByte() throws IOException {
        return readByte() & 0xff;
    }

    /**
     * Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer value.
     * @return the unsigned integer value as a long

            SMBUtil.writeInt4(0, buffer, 12); // WriteChannelInfoOffset/Length

            int bytesRead = response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

            assertEquals(16, bytesRead);
            assertEquals(-1, response.getCount()); // -1 as signed int represents max unsigned value
            assertEquals(-2, response.getRemaining());
        }

     * Time encoding type: 1970 epoch, 64-bit milliseconds, little-endian.
     */
    public static final int TIME_1970_MILLIS_64LE = 8;

    /* Encode integers
     */

    /**
     * Encodes a 16-bit unsigned integer in big-endian byte order.
     *
     * @param s the short value to encode
     * @param dst the destination byte array
     * @param di the starting index in the destination array

        assertEquals(SMB_COM_CLOSE, close.command, "command should be SMB_COM_CLOSE after construction");
    }

    /**
     * Verify that writeParameterWordsWireFormat writes the file id and the
     * unsigned time correctly.  The last write time is zero which should be
     * encoded as four 0xFF bytes by {@code writeUTime}.
     */
    @ParameterizedTest(name = "fid={0}, lastWriteTime={1}")
    @MethodSource("validParams")

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeUShort handles negative values as unsigned")
    void testWriteUShortNegative() {
        byte[] dest = new byte[2];
        NtlmMessage.writeUShort(dest, 0, -2);
        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { -2, -1 }, dest, "Negative short should be encoded unsigned");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeSecurityBuffer writes zero length buffer unchanged")

    private static final int TIME_1970_MILLIS_64LE = 8;

    /**
     *
     */
    private Encdec() {
    }

    /*
     * Encode integers
     */

    /**
     * Encodes a 16-bit unsigned integer in big-endian byte order.
     *
     * @param s the short value to encode
     * @param dst the destination byte array
     * @param di the starting index in the destination array

     */
    public static final String CONTEXT_NAME = "DH2Q";

    private static final byte[] CONTEXT_NAME_BYTES = CONTEXT_NAME.getBytes();

    private long timeout100Ns; // timeout in 100-nanosecond intervals (wire format, unsigned 32-bit)
    private int flags;

    /**
     * Create a new durable handle V2 response
     */
    public DurableHandleV2Response() {
        // Will be populated during decode
    }

    @Override

    void testNegativeFidValue() {
        int fid = -1; // Will be treated as 0xFFFF in unsigned 16-bit
        notifyChange = new NtTransNotifyChange(mockConfig, fid, FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME, false);
        byte[] dst = new byte[10];

        notifyChange.writeSetupWireFormat(dst, 0);

        // Should write as 0xFFFF (65535 in unsigned)

 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

package jcifs.smb1.dcerpc.ndr;

/**
 * Represents an NDR small integer (1 byte unsigned) for DCE/RPC communication.
 * This class encapsulates a single byte value (0-255) in NDR format.
 */
public class NdrSmall extends NdrObject {

    /**
     * The small integer value (0-255)
     */