// test restricting empty sets
        range1 = VersionRange.createFromVersionSpec("[,1.1],[1.4,]");
        range2 = VersionRange.createFromVersionSpec("[1.2,1.3]");
        range1 = range1.restrict(range2);
        mergedRange = range1.restrict(range2);
        assertNull(mergedRange.getRecommendedVersion(), CHECK_VERSION_RECOMMENDATION);
        restrictions = mergedRange.getRestrictions();

        server_name  localhost;

        # To allow special characters in headers
        ignore_invalid_headers off;
        # Allow any size file to be uploaded.
        # Set to a value such as 1000m; to restrict file size to a specific value
        client_max_body_size 0;
        # To disable buffering
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        location / {

        server_name  localhost;

        # To allow special characters in headers
        ignore_invalid_headers off;
        # Allow any size file to be uploaded.
        # Set to a value such as 1000m; to restrict file size to a specific value
        client_max_body_size 0;
        # To disable buffering
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        location / {

        server_name  localhost;

        # To allow special characters in headers
        ignore_invalid_headers off;
        # Allow any size file to be uploaded.
        # Set to a value such as 1000m; to restrict file size to a specific value
        client_max_body_size 0;
        # To disable buffering
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        location / {

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/request-form-models/image01.png">
</div>

## Forbid Extra Form Fields

In some special use cases (probably not very common), you might want to **restrict** the form fields to only those declared in the Pydantic model. And **forbid** any **extra** fields.

/// note

This is supported since FastAPI version `0.114.0`. 🤓

///

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/query-param-models/image01.png">
</div>

## Forbid Extra Query Parameters

In some special use cases (probably not very common), you might want to **restrict** the query parameters that you want to receive.

You can use Pydantic's model configuration to `forbid` any `extra` fields:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="10"

- BucketCORS (CORS enabled by default on all buckets for all HTTP verbs, you can optionally restrict the CORS domains)
- BucketWebsite (Use [`caddy`](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy) or [`nginx`](https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/))

        /*
         * NOTE: Metadata at the g:a level contains a collection of available versions. After merging, we can't tell
         * which repository provides which version so the metadata manager must not restrict the artifact resolution to
         * the repository with the most recent updates.
         */
    }

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/header-param-models/image01.png">
</div>

## Forbid Extra Headers

In some special use cases (probably not very common), you might want to **restrict** the headers that you want to receive.

You can use Pydantic's model configuration to `forbid` any `extra` fields:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="10"

///

## Forbid Extra Cookies

In some special use cases (probably not very common), you might want to **restrict** the cookies that you want to receive.