testCases := []struct {
		queryParams map[string]string
		headers     map[string]string
		region      string
		expected    APIErrorCode
	}{
		// (0) Should error without a set URL query.
		{
			region:   globalMinioDefaultRegion,
			expected: ErrInvalidQueryParams,
		},
		// (1) Should error on an invalid access key.
		{
			queryParams: map[string]string{

from starlette.datastructures import FormData as FormData  # noqa: F401
from starlette.datastructures import Headers as Headers  # noqa: F401
from starlette.datastructures import QueryParams as QueryParams  # noqa: F401
from starlette.datastructures import State as State  # noqa: F401
from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile as StarletteUploadFile
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc

    path_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.path_params)
    query_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.query_params)
    header_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.header_params)
    cookie_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.cookie_params)
    return path_params + query_params + header_params + cookie_params

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional, und standardmäßig `None` sein.

/// check

* `limit=10`：使用默认值

## 可选参数

同理，把默认值设为 `None` 即可声明**可选的**查询参数：

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

本例中，查询参数 `q` 是可选的，默认值为 `None`。

/// check | "检查"

注意，**FastAPI** 可以识别出 `item_id` 是路径参数，`q` 不是路径参数，而是查询参数。

## 📦 🔢

🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 📣 📦 🔢 🔢, ⚒ 👫 🔢 `None`:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

👉 💼, 🔢 🔢 `q` 🔜 📦, & 🔜 `None` 🔢.

/// check

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

Bu durumda, `q` fonksiyon parametresi isteğe bağlı olacak ve varsayılan değer olarak `None` alacaktır.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

Nesse caso, o parâmetro da função `q` será opcional, e `None` será o padrão.

/// check | "Verificar"

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

In this case, the function parameter `q` will be optional, and will be `None` by default.

/// check

# Parámetros de query

Cuando declaras otros parámetros de la función que no hacen parte de los parámetros de path estos se interpretan automáticamente como parámetros de "query".

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

El query es el conjunto de pares de key-value que van después del `?` en la URL, separados por caracteres `&`.

Por ejemplo, en la URL:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10
```