List<AvPair> pairs = AvPairs.decode(fullData);

        assertNotNull(pairs, "Decoded pairs should not be null");
        assertEquals(1, pairs.size(), "Should have decoded one pair");

        AvPair pair = pairs.get(0);
        assertEquals(AvPair.MsvAvFlags, pair.getType(), "Pair type should be MsvAvFlags");
        assertTrue(pair instanceof AvFlags, "Should be decoded as AvFlags");

     *
     * @param pairs the list of AV pairs to modify
     * @param rep the replacement AV pair
     */
    public static void replace(final List<AvPair> pairs, final AvPair rep) {
        remove(pairs, rep.getType());
        pairs.add(rep);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a list of AV pairs into byte array format
     *
     * @param pairs the list of AV pairs to encode
     * @return encoded avpairs

  // Modification Operations

  /**
   * Stores a key-value pair in this multimap.
   *
   * <p>Some multimap implementations allow duplicate key-value pairs, in which case {@code put}
   * always adds a new key-value pair and increases the multimap size by 1. Other implementations
   * prohibit duplicates, and storing a key-value pair that's already in the multimap has no effect.
   *

    assertThat(headers["e"]).isNull()
  }

  @Test fun iteratorOperator() {
    val headers = headersOf("a", "b", "c", "d")

    val pairs = mutableListOf<Pair<String, String>>()
    for ((name, value) in headers) {
      pairs += name to value
    }

    assertThat(pairs).containsExactly("a" to "b", "c" to "d")
  }

  @Test fun builderGetOperator() {
    val builder = Headers.Builder()
    builder.add("a", "b")

        final Map<String, List<String>> paramListMap = new HashMap<>();
        final String[] pairs = queryString.split("&");
        try {
            for (final String pair : pairs) {
                final int pos = pair.indexOf('=');
                if (pos >= 0) {
                    final String key = urlCodec.decode(pair.substring(0, pos), enc);
                    List<String> list = paramListMap.get(key);

    // Identical valid surrogate pairs.
    assertEquals(
        "abc\uD8AB\uDCAB", Strings.commonPrefix("abc\uD8AB\uDCABdef", "abc\uD8AB\uDCABxyz"));
    // Differing valid surrogate pairs.
    assertEquals("abc", Strings.commonPrefix("abc\uD8AB\uDCABdef", "abc\uD8AB\uDCACxyz"));
    // One invalid pair.
    assertEquals("abc", Strings.commonPrefix("abc\uD8AB\uDCABdef", "abc\uD8AB\uD8ABxyz"));

	return mg
}

// AddExtraLabels - adds extra (constant) label KV pairs to the metrics group.
// This is a helper to initialize the `ExtraLabels` field. The argument is a
// list of ordered label name and value pairs.
func (mg *MetricsGroup) AddExtraLabels(labels ...string) {
	if len(labels)%2 != 0 {
		panic("Labels must be an ordered list of name value pairs")
	}
	if mg.ExtraLabels == nil {

        List<AvPair> pairs = new LinkedList<>();
        pairs.add(new AvTargetName("TARGET"));
        pairs.add(new AvTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
        pairs.add(new AvFlags(0));
        pairs.add(new AvSingleHost(new byte[48])); // Dummy single host data

        type2.setTargetInformation(AvPairs.encode(pairs));

        return type2;
    }

    /**

    Escapers.Builder builder = Escapers.builder();
    // The char values \uFFFE and \uFFFF are explicitly not allowed in XML
    // (Unicode code points above \uFFFF are represented via surrogate pairs
    // which means they are treated as pairs of safe characters).
    builder.setSafeRange(Character.MIN_VALUE, '\uFFFD');
    // Unsafe characters are replaced with the Unicode replacement character.
    builder.setUnsafeReplacement("\uFFFD");

     * soon be deprecated.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if duplicate key pairs were added
     */
    public ImmutableTable<R, C, V> build() {
      return buildOrThrow();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a newly-created immutable table, or throws an exception if duplicate key pairs were
     * added.
     *