As in the example above we got `user_dict` from `user_in.model_dump()`, this code:

```Python
user_dict = user_in.model_dump()
UserInDB(**user_dict)
```

would be equivalent to:

```Python
UserInDB(**user_in.model_dump())
```

...because `user_in.model_dump()` is a `dict`, and then we make Python "unpack" it by passing it to `UserInDB` prefixed with `**`.

Como `item.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)`.

/// info | Información

En Pydantic v1 el método se llamaba `.dict()`, fue deprecado (pero aún soportado) en Pydantic v2, y renombrado a `.model_dump()`.

Los ejemplos aquí usan `.dict()` para compatibilidad con Pydantic v1, pero deberías usar `.model_dump()` si puedes usar Pydantic v2.

///

///

### Pydantics `exclude_unset`-Parameter verwenden { #using-pydantics-exclude-unset-parameter }

Wenn Sie Teil-Aktualisierungen entgegennehmen, ist der `exclude_unset`-Parameter in der `.model_dump()`-Methode von Pydantic-Modellen sehr nützlich.

Wie in `item.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)`.

    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

def fake_password_hasher(raw_password: str):
    return "supersecret" + raw_password


def fake_save_user(user_in: UserIn):
    hashed_password = fake_password_hasher(user_in.password)
    user_in_db = UserInDB(**user_in.model_dump(), hashed_password=hashed_password)
    print("User saved! ..not really")
    return user_in_db


@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut)
async def create_user(user_in: UserIn):

def fake_password_hasher(raw_password: str):
    return "supersecret" + raw_password


def fake_save_user(user_in: UserIn):
    hashed_password = fake_password_hasher(user_in.password)
    user_in_db = UserInDB(**user_in.model_dump(), hashed_password=hashed_password)
    print("User saved! ..not really")
    return user_in_db


@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut)
async def create_user(user_in: UserIn):

@app.patch("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
    stored_item_data = items[item_id]
    stored_item_model = Item(**stored_item_data)
    update_data = item.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    updated_item = stored_item_model.model_copy(update=update_data)
    items[item_id] = jsonable_encoder(updated_item)

Da wir im obigen Beispiel `user_dict` von `user_in.model_dump()` bekommen haben, wäre dieser Code:

```Python
user_dict = user_in.model_dump()
UserInDB(**user_dict)
```

gleichwertig zu:

```Python
UserInDB(**user_in.model_dump())
```

@app.patch("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
    stored_item_data = items[item_id]
    stored_item_model = Item(**stored_item_data)
    update_data = item.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    updated_item = stored_item_model.model_copy(update=update_data)
    items[item_id] = jsonable_encoder(updated_item)