if !Equal(buf.Bytes(), b) {
		t.Fatalf("incorrect result from WriteRune: %q not %q", buf.Bytes(), b)
	}

	p := make([]byte, utf8.UTFMax)
	// Read it back with ReadRune
	for r := rune(0); r < NRune; r++ {
		size := utf8.EncodeRune(p, r)
		nr, nbytes, err := buf.ReadRune()
		if nr != r || nbytes != size || err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("ReadRune(%U) got %U,%d not %U,%d (err=%s)", r, nr, nbytes, r, size, err)
		}

	return Map(c.ToTitle, s)
}

// ToValidUTF8 treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with each run of bytes
// representing invalid UTF-8 replaced with the bytes in replacement, which may be empty.
func ToValidUTF8(s, replacement []byte) []byte {
	b := make([]byte, 0, len(s)+len(replacement))
	invalid := false // previous byte was from an invalid UTF-8 sequence
	for i := 0; i < len(s); {

	b.lastRead = opInvalid
	if nBytes := b.Len(); nBytes > 0 {
		m, e := w.Write(b.buf[b.off:])
		if m > nBytes {
			panic("bytes.Buffer.WriteTo: invalid Write count")
		}
		b.off += m
		n = int64(m)
		if e != nil {
			return n, e
		}
		// all bytes should have been written, by definition of
		// Write method in io.Writer
		if m != nBytes {
			return n, io.ErrShortWrite
		}
	}

    @Override
    public int bits() {
      return bytes.length * 8;
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] asBytes() {
      return bytes.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public int asInt() {
      checkState(
          bytes.length >= 4,
          "HashCode#asInt() requires >= 4 bytes (it only has %s bytes).",
          bytes.length);
      return (bytes[0] & 0xFF)
          | ((bytes[1] & 0xFF) << 8)

func (ahs *allHealState) PopHealStatusJSON(hpath string,
	clientToken string) ([]byte, APIErrorCode,
) {
	// fetch heal state for given path
	h, exists := ahs.getHealSequence(hpath)
	if !exists {
		// heal sequence doesn't exist, must have finished.
		jbytes, err := json.Marshal(healSequenceStatus{
			Summary: healFinishedStatus,
		})
		return jbytes, toAdminAPIErrCode(GlobalContext, err)
	}

func setConfigKV(ctx context.Context, objectAPI ObjectLayer, kvBytes []byte) (result setConfigResult, err error) {
	result.Cfg, err = readServerConfig(ctx, objectAPI, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return result, err
	}

	result.Dynamic, err = result.Cfg.ReadConfig(bytes.NewReader(kvBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return result, err
	}

	result.SubSys, _, _, err = config.GetSubSys(string(kvBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return result, err
	}

                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(2);
    assertThat(
            Bytes.indexOf(
                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4, (byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4},
                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(1);
    assertThat(
            Bytes.indexOf(
                new byte[] {(byte) 4, (byte) 3, (byte) 2},

      }
    }

    @Override
    HashCode makeHash(Hasher[] hashers) {
      byte[] bytes = new byte[bits() / 8];
      int i = 0;
      for (Hasher hasher : hashers) {
        HashCode newHash = hasher.hash();
        i += newHash.writeBytesTo(bytes, i, newHash.bits() / 8);
      }
      return HashCode.fromBytesNoCopy(bytes);
    }

    @Override
    public int bits() {
      int bitSum = 0;

// InferBytesType will attempt to infer the data type of bytes.
// Will fail if value type is not bytes or it would result in invalid utf8.
// ORDER: int, float, bool, JSON (object or array), timestamp, string
// If the content is valid JSON, the type will still be bytes.
func (v *Value) InferBytesType() (err error) {
	b, ok := v.ToBytes()
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("InferByteType: Input is not bytes, but %v", v.GetTypeString())
	}

}

// Bytes provides a byte slice that can be serialized.
type Bytes []byte

// UnmarshalMsg deserializes b from the provided byte slice and returns the
// remainder of bytes.
func (b *Bytes) UnmarshalMsg(bytes []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if b == nil {
		return bytes, errors.New("Bytes: UnmarshalMsg on nil pointer")
	}
	if bytes, err := msgp.ReadNilBytes(bytes); err == nil {
		if *b != nil {
			PutByteBuffer(*b)