* called by the {@link #escape(String)} method when it discovers that escaping is required. It is
   * protected to allow subclasses to override the fastpath escaping function to inline their
   * escaping test. See {@link CharEscaperBuilder} for an example usage.
   *
   * <p>This method is not reentrant and may only be invoked by the top level {@link

 * elements' text contents. When possible, avoid manual escaping by using templating systems and
 * high-level APIs that provide autoescaping. For example, consider <a
 * href="http://www.xom.nu/">XOM</a>.
 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> Currently the escapers provided by this class do not escape any characters
 * outside the ASCII character range. Unlike HTML escaping the XML escapers will not escape

        // In regex, + means "one or more" of the previous character
        String wrongPattern = "(application/xhtml+xml|application/rdf+xml)";
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(wrongPattern);

        // Without escaping, "application/xhtml+xml" does NOT match
        // because the pattern expects "one or more 'l'" followed by "xml"
        assertFalse(pattern.matcher("application/xhtml+xml").matches());

    assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", '\uFFFF');

    assertWithMessage("0xFFFE is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping")
        .that(xmlEscaper.escape("[\ufffe]"))
        .isEqualTo("[\uFFFD]");
    assertWithMessage("0xFFFF is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping")
        .that(xmlEscaper.escape("[\uffff]"))
        .isEqualTo("[\uFFFD]");
  }

        assertEquals("hello world", getQuery("hello world", new String[0], Collections.emptyMap(), Collections.emptyMap(), false));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_escapeQuery() {
        // Test escaping functionality through escape parameter
        assertEquals("test", getQuery("test", new String[0], Collections.emptyMap(), Collections.emptyMap(), false));

        generator = new TestThumbnailGenerator();

        // The pattern as it would be loaded from XML: "image/svg\+xml"
        // In XML, a single backslash is passed directly (no Java string escaping)
        // So we use a literal backslash here to simulate XML-loaded value
        String xmlLoadedPattern = "image/svg" + "\\" + "+xml"; // Simulates XML value: image/svg\+xml

  static void assertBasicUrlEscaperExceptPercent(UnicodeEscaper e) {
    // URL escapers should throw null pointer exceptions for null input
    try {
      e.escape((String) null);
      fail("Escaping null string should throw exception");
    } catch (NullPointerException x) {
      // pass
    }

    // All URL escapers should leave 0-9, A-Z, a-z unescaped
    assertUnescaped(e, 'a');
    assertUnescaped(e, 'z');

  private int max = -1;

  /** Construct a new sparse array builder. */
  public CharEscaperBuilder() {
    this.map = new HashMap<>();
  }

  /** Add a new mapping from an index to an object to the escaping. */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public CharEscaperBuilder addEscape(char c, String r) {
    map.put(c, checkNotNull(r));
    if (c > max) {
      max = c;
    }
    return this;
  }

    System.out.println("Processing: " + resource);
});
```

### Text Processing and JSON
```java
import org.codelibs.core.text.*;

// JSON utilities with proper escaping
String escaped = JsonUtil.escape("Hello \"World\" with special chars");
String unescaped = JsonUtil.unescape(escaped);

// Text tokenization
Tokenizer tokenizer = new Tokenizer("field1,field2,field3", ",");

 * <td>A-Z a-z 0-9 + /
 * <td>1.33
 * <td>=
 * <td>
 * <tr>
 * <td>{@link #base64Url()}
 * <td>A-Z a-z 0-9 - _
 * <td>1.33
 * <td>=
 * <td>Safe to use as filenames, or to pass in URLs without escaping
 * </table>
 *
 * <p>All instances of this class are immutable, so they may be stored safely as static constants.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 14.0
 */
@GwtCompatible