for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			j := IndexRune(buf, needle)
			if j != n {
				b.Fatal("bad index", j)
			}
		}
		for i := range buf {
			buf[i] = '\x00'
		}
	}
}

func BenchmarkEqual(b *testing.B) {
	b.Run("0", func(b *testing.B) {
		var buf [4]byte
		buf1 := buf[0:0]
		buf2 := buf[1:1]
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			eq := Equal(buf1, buf2)
			if !eq {
				b.Fatal("bad equal")
			}

      byte[] buf = new byte[min(bufSize, MAX_ARRAY_LEN - totalLen)];
      bufs.add(buf);
      int off = 0;
      while (off < buf.length) {
        // always OK to fill buf; its size plus the rest of bufs is never more than MAX_ARRAY_LEN
        int r = in.read(buf, off, buf.length - off);
        if (r == -1) {
          return combineBuffers(bufs, totalLen);
        }
        off += r;

	}
	headerDec := buf[:n]
	buf = buf[n:]

	alg, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(headerDec, "alg")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, &jwtgo.ValidationError{Inner: err, Errors: jwtgo.ValidationErrorMalformed}
	}

	n, err = base64DecodeBytes(token[i+1:j], buf)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, &jwtgo.ValidationError{Inner: err, Errors: jwtgo.ValidationErrorMalformed}
	}

	if err = claims.UnmarshalJSON(buf[:n]); err != nil {

    assertThat(buf2.toString()).isEqualTo(expected);
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // read in chunks to fixed CharBuffer
    reader = new CharSequenceReader(charSequence);
    buf2 = CharBuffer.allocate(5);
    builder = new StringBuilder();
    while (reader.read(buf2) != -1) {
      Java8Compatibility.flip(buf2);
      builder.append(buf2);
      Java8Compatibility.clear(buf2);
    }

    assertThat(buf2.toString()).isEqualTo(expected);
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // read in chunks to fixed CharBuffer
    reader = new CharSequenceReader(charSequence);
    buf2 = CharBuffer.allocate(5);
    builder = new StringBuilder();
    while (reader.read(buf2) != -1) {
      Java8Compatibility.flip(buf2);
      builder.append(buf2);
      Java8Compatibility.clear(buf2);
    }

		}
	}
	defer syscall.Close(fd)

	bufp := direntPool.Get()
	defer direntPool.Put(bufp)
	buf := *bufp

	boff := 0 // starting read position in buf
	nbuf := 0 // end valid data in buf

	for {
		if boff >= nbuf {
			boff = 0
			stop := globalOSMetrics.time(osMetricReadDirent)
			nbuf, err = syscall.ReadDirent(fd, buf)
			stop()
			if err != nil {
				if isSysErrNotDir(err) {

	stat, err := f.Stat()
	if err != nil {
		buf, err = io.ReadAll(f)
		return buf, dmTime, osErrToFileErr(err)
	}
	if stat.IsDir() {
		return nil, dmTime, errFileNotFound
	}

	// Read into appropriate buffer.
	sz := stat.Size()
	if sz <= metaDataReadDefault {
		buf = metaDataPoolGet()
		buf = buf[:sz]
	} else {
		buf = make([]byte, sz)
	}

	// Read file...

		// We use 2 buffers, so we always have a full buffer of input.
		pool := globalBytePoolCap.Load()
		bufA := pool.Get()
		bufB := pool.Get()
		defer pool.Put(bufA)
		defer pool.Put(bufB)
		ra, err := readahead.NewReaderBuffer(data, [][]byte{bufA[:fi.Erasure.BlockSize], bufB[:fi.Erasure.BlockSize]})
		if err == nil {
			toEncode = ra
			defer ra.Close()
		}
		bugLogIf(ctx, err)
	}

	bufp := poolBuf8k.Get()
	buf := *bufp
	defer poolBuf8k.Put(bufp)

	for {
		_, err := io.ReadFull(respBody, tmp[:])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Check if we have a response ready or a filler byte.
		switch tmp[0] {
		case 0:
			// 0 is unbuffered, copy the rest.
			_, err := io.CopyBuffer(w, respBody, buf)
			if err == io.EOF {
				return nil

}

// Verify that contents of buf match the string s.
func check(t *testing.T, testname string, buf *Buffer, s string) {
	bytes := buf.Bytes()
	str := buf.String()
	if buf.Len() != len(bytes) {
		t.Errorf("%s: buf.Len() == %d, len(buf.Bytes()) == %d", testname, buf.Len(), len(bytes))
	}

	if buf.Len() != len(str) {
		t.Errorf("%s: buf.Len() == %d, len(buf.String()) == %d", testname, buf.Len(), len(str))
	}