}

                retryCount++;

                // Exponential backoff with overflow protection
                if (retryDelayMs > 0) {
                    try {
                        // Safe calculation: ensure retryCount is at least 1 for proper exponential backoff
                        int safeShift = Math.min(MAX_BACKOFF_SHIFT, Math.max(1, retryCount));

 */
public class WitnessClient implements AutoCloseable {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WitnessClient.class);

    // Polling and backoff constants (in ms)
    private static final long MAX_POLL_INTERVAL = 5000; // Normal polling: max 5 seconds
    private static final long MAX_ERROR_BACKOFF = 30000; // Error polling: max 30 seconds

  /** How long to wait to retry pre-emptive connection attempts that fail. */
  @JvmField val backoffDelayMillis: Long = 60 * 1000,
  /** How much jitter to introduce in connection retry backoff delays */
  @JvmField val backoffJitterMillis: Int = 100,

        assertTrue(exception.shouldRetry(1));
        assertTrue(exception.shouldRetry(2));
        assertFalse(exception.shouldRetry(3)); // Max attempts reached

        // Verify exponential backoff
        assertEquals(1000, exception.getRetryDelayMs(1));
        assertEquals(2000, exception.getRetryDelayMs(2));
        assertEquals(4000, exception.getRetryDelayMs(3));
    }

    @Test

func (c *Client) LastError() error {
	c.RLock()
	defer c.RUnlock()
	return fmt.Errorf("[%s] %w", c.lastErrTime.Format(time.RFC3339), c.lastErr)
}

// computes the exponential backoff duration according to
// https://www.awsarchitectureblog.com/2015/03/backoff.html
func exponentialBackoffWait(r *rand.Rand, unit, maxSleep time.Duration) func(uint) time.Duration {
	if unit > time.Hour {
		// Protect against integer overflow

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import jcifs.internal.smb2.create.Smb2CreateRequest;

/**
 * Handles automatic reconnection of durable and persistent SMB handles.
 *
 * This class provides retry logic with exponential backoff for handle
 * reconnection after network failures or server issues.
 */
public class HandleReconnector {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HandleReconnector.class);

/**
 * Handles directory change notifications for SMB3 directory leasing
 */
public class DirectoryChangeNotifier {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DirectoryChangeNotifier.class);

    // Backoff and timing constants (in ms)
    private static final long BASE_POLL_INTERVAL = 1000;
    private static final long MAX_POLL_INTERVAL = 30000;
    private static final long BASE_RETRY_DELAY = 1000;

	// These settings are needed to ensure that kafka client doesn't hang on brokers
	// refer https://github.com/IBM/sarama/issues/765#issuecomment-254333355
	sconfig.Producer.Retry.Max = 2
	sconfig.Producer.Retry.Backoff = (10 * time.Second)
	sconfig.Producer.Return.Successes = true
	sconfig.Producer.Return.Errors = true
	sconfig.Producer.RequiredAcks = 1
	sconfig.Producer.Timeout = (10 * time.Second)

        state.incrementRetry();

        long secondRetry = state.getNextRetryTime();
        state.incrementRetry();

        long thirdRetry = state.getNextRetryTime();

        // Should have exponential backoff
        assertTrue(secondRetry > firstRetry);
        assertTrue(thirdRetry > secondRetry);
    }

    @Test
    void testPendingOperationRedistribution() throws Exception {
        // Setup pending operations

/**
 * Rate limiter for authentication attempts to prevent brute force attacks.
 *
 * Features:
 * - Per-account rate limiting
 * - Per-IP rate limiting
 * - Global rate limiting
 * - Exponential backoff for repeated failures
 * - Account lockout after threshold
 * - Automatic cleanup of old entries
 */
public class AuthenticationRateLimiter implements AutoCloseable {