# Return some error
    ...
```

But by using the `secrets.compare_digest()` it will be secure against a type of attacks called "timing attacks".

### Timing Attacks { #timing-attacks }

But what's a "timing attack"?

Let's imagine some attackers are trying to guess the username and password.

And they send a request with a username `johndoe` and a password `love123`.

These attacks exploit the fact that browsers allow scripts to send requests without doing any CORS preflight check when they:

* don't have a `Content-Type` header (e.g. using `fetch()` with a `Blob` body)
* and don't send any authentication credentials.

This type of attack is mainly relevant when:

/**
 * Utility for serializing objects with security protections.
 * <p>
 * This utility provides object serialization and deserialization with built-in
 * security protections against deserialization attacks. By default, it uses an
 * ObjectInputFilter to restrict which classes can be deserialized.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * The default filter allows common safe classes like primitives, arrays, String,

```Python
if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
    # 어떤 오류를 반환
    ...
```

하지만 `secrets.compare_digest()`를 사용하면 "timing attacks"라고 불리는 한 유형의 공격에 대해 안전해집니다.

### 타이밍 공격 { #timing-attacks }

그렇다면 "timing attack"이란 무엇일까요?

공격자들이 사용자명과 비밀번호를 추측하려고 한다고 가정해봅시다.

그리고 사용자명 `johndoe`, 비밀번호 `love123`으로 요청을 보냅니다.

그러면 애플리케이션의 Python 코드는 대략 다음과 같을 것입니다:

```Python

    }

    /**
     * Escapes special characters in a value for use in LDAP search filters.
     * This method escapes characters that have special meaning in LDAP filter expressions
     * to prevent LDAP injection attacks.
     *
     * @param value the value to escape (null is treated as empty string)
     * @return the escaped value safe for use in LDAP search filters

 */
package jcifs.ntlmssp.av;

import jcifs.internal.util.SMBUtil;

/**
 * NTLMSSP AV pair representing timestamp information in NTLM authentication.
 * Contains time-based data used to prevent replay attacks and ensure message freshness.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public class AvTimestamp extends AvPair {

    /**
     * Constructs an AvTimestamp from raw byte data
     *

/**
 * Utility class for handling {@link File}.
 * <p>
 * <strong>SECURITY NOTE:</strong> When accepting file paths from untrusted sources,
 * always validate them using {@link #isPathSafe(Path, Path)} to prevent path traversal attacks.
 * Methods that accept path strings do not perform automatic validation to maintain backward compatibility.
 * </p>
 *
 * @author higa
 */
public abstract class FileUtil {

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.

 * whereToDiffer} produces no observable change in performance. We want to make sure that the array
 * equals implementation is *not* short-circuiting to prevent timing-based attacks. Being fast is
 * only a secondary goal.
 *
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class HashCodeBenchmark {

  // Use a statically configured random instance for all of the benchmarks

import jcifs.internal.util.SMBUtil;

/**
 * SMB2 Pre-authentication Integrity Negotiate Context.
 *
 * This negotiate context is used in SMB 3.1.1 to establish
 * pre-authentication integrity protection against downgrade attacks.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public class PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext implements NegotiateContextRequest, NegotiateContextResponse {

    /**
     * Context type
     */

import jakarta.servlet.ServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Filter for rate limiting to protect against bot attacks and excessive requests.
 * Tracks request counts per IP address and blocks excessive requests based on configurable thresholds.
 */
public class RateLimitFilter implements Filter {