}

  private Type resolveTypeArgsForSubclass(Class<?> subclass) {
    // If both runtimeType and subclass are not parameterized, return subclass
    // If runtimeType is not parameterized but subclass is, process subclass as a parameterized type
    // If runtimeType is a raw type (i.e. is a parameterized type specified as a Class<?>), we
    // return subclass as a raw type
    if (runtimeType instanceof Class

        // The raw class isn't even a subclass.
      }
    }
    if (!spec.suppressGetSupertype()) {
      try {
        assertThat(getSupertype(paramType, TypeToken.of(returnType).getRawType()))
            .isNotEqualTo(returnType);
      } catch (IllegalArgumentException notSubtype2) {
        // The raw class isn't even a subclass.
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

public class UserRoleLoginExceptionTest extends UnitFessTestCase {

    // Mock subclass of RootAction for testing generic type safety
    private static class TestAction extends RootAction {
        // Test subclass
    }

    // Another mock subclass for testing
    private static class AdminAction extends RootAction {
        // Test admin subclass
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor() {

And tools will also be happy because both `RedirectResponse` and `JSONResponse` are subclasses of `Response`, so the type annotation is correct.

### Annotate a Response Subclass { #annotate-a-response-subclass }

You can also use a subclass of `Response` in the type annotation:

* Automatically logging all request bodies.

## Handling custom request body encodings { #handling-custom-request-body-encodings }

Let's see how to make use of a custom `Request` subclass to decompress gzip requests.

And an `APIRoute` subclass to use that custom request class.

### Create a custom `GzipRequest` class { #create-a-custom-gziprequest-class }

/// tip

        // The raw class isn't even a subclass.
      }
    }
    if (!spec.suppressGetSupertype()) {
      try {
        assertThat(getSupertype(paramType, TypeToken.of(returnType).getRawType()))
            .isNotEqualTo(returnType);
      } catch (IllegalArgumentException notSubtype2) {
        // The raw class isn't even a subclass.
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

/// note | Technical Details

Actually, `Query`, `Path` and others you'll see next create objects of subclasses of a common `Param` class, which is itself a subclass of Pydantic's `FieldInfo` class.

And Pydantic's `Field` returns an instance of `FieldInfo` as well.

`Body` also returns objects of a subclass of `FieldInfo` directly. And there are others you will see later that are subclasses of the `Body` class.

    methodArgument = arg;
  }

  @Subscribe
  public void exceptionThrowingMethod(Object arg) throws Exception {
    throw new IntentionalException();
  }

  /** Local exception subclass to check variety of exception thrown. */
  static final class IntentionalException extends Exception {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2500191180248181379L;
  }

  @Subscribe

    methodArgument = arg;
  }

  @Subscribe
  public void exceptionThrowingMethod(Object arg) throws Exception {
    throw new IntentionalException();
  }

  /** Local exception subclass to check variety of exception thrown. */
  static final class IntentionalException extends Exception {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2500191180248181379L;
  }

  @Subscribe

 * subclasses. Without such overrides, optimizers might put a {@code writeReplace}-containing class
 * and its subclass in different packages, causing the serialization system to fail to invoke {@code
 * writeReplace} when serializing an instance of the subclass. For an example of this problem, see
 * b/310253115.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class WriteReplaceOverridesTest extends TestCase {