এই টাইপগুলি এবং অভ্যন্তরীণ টাইপগুলি ঘোষণা করতে, আপনি Python মডিউল `typing` ব্যবহার করতে পারেন। এটি বিশেষভাবে এই টাইপ হিন্টগুলি সমর্থন করার জন্য রয়েছে।

#### Python এর নতুন সংস্করণ

`typing` ব্যবহার করা সিনট্যাক্সটি Python 3.6 থেকে সর্বশেষ সংস্করণগুলি পর্যন্ত, অর্থাৎ Python 3.9, Python 3.10 ইত্যাদি সহ সকল সংস্করণের সাথে **সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ**।

Om deze types en de interne types te declareren, kun je de standaard Python module `typing` gebruiken. Deze module is speciaal gemaakt om deze type hints te ondersteunen.

#### Nieuwere versies van Python

De syntax met `typing` is **verenigbaar** met alle versies, van Python 3.6 tot aan de nieuwste, inclusief Python 3.9, Python 3.10, enz.

Se você pode escolher uma versão mais recente do Python para o seu projeto, você poderá aproveitar isso ao seu favor.

Em todos os documentos existem exemplos compatíveis com cada versão do Python (quando existem diferenças).

Por exemplo, "**Python 3.6+**" significa que é compatível com o Python 3.6 ou superior (incluindo o 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, etc). E "**Python 3.9+**" significa que é compatível com o Python 3.9 ou mais recente (incluindo o 3.10, etc).

# Introducción a los Tipos de Python

**Python 3.6+** tiene soporte para <abbr title="en español, anotaciones de tipo. En inglés también se conocen como: type annotations">"type hints"</abbr> opcionales.

Estos **type hints** son una nueva sintaxis, desde Python 3.6+, que permite declarar el <abbr title="por ejemplo: str, int, float, bool">tipo</abbr> de una variable.

#
# setup.python.sh: Install a specific Python version and packages for it.
# Usage: setup.python.sh <pyversion> <requirements.txt>
set -xe

source ~/.bashrc
VERSION=$1
REQUIREMENTS=$2

add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
# Install Python packages for this container's version
if [[ ${VERSION} == "python3.13" ]]; then
  cat >pythons.txt <<EOF
$VERSION
$VERSION-dev
$VERSION-venv

Das bedeutet auch, dass Sie in Python 3.10 `Something | None` verwenden können:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ Alternative

```Python hl_lines="1  4"

<img src="/img/python-types/image01.png">

### Добавим типы

Давайте изменим одну строчку в предыдущей версии.

Мы изменим именно этот фрагмент, параметры функции, с:

```Python
    first_name, last_name
```

на:

```Python
    first_name: str, last_name: str
```

Вот и все.

Это аннотации типов:

```Python hl_lines="1"

#
# setup.python.sh: Install a specific Python version and packages for it.
# Usage: setup.python.sh <pyversion> <requirements.txt>
set -xe

source ~/.bashrc
VERSION=$1
REQUIREMENTS=$2

# Install Python packages for this container's version
if [[ ${VERSION} == "python3.13" ]]; then
  cat >pythons.txt <<EOF
$VERSION
$VERSION-dev
$VERSION-venv
EOF
else

To declare those types and the internal types, you can use the standard Python module `typing`. It exists specifically to support these type hints.

#### Newer versions of Python

The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 to the latest ones, including Python 3.9, Python 3.10, etc.

Để khai báo những kiểu dữ liệu và những kiểu dữ liệu nội bộ đó, bạn có thể sử dụng mô đun chuẩn của Python là `typing`. Nó có hỗ trợ những gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu này.

#### Những phiên bản mới hơn của Python

Cú pháp sử dụng `typing` **tương thích** với tất cả các phiên bản, từ Python 3.6 tới những phiên bản cuối cùng, bao gồm Python 3.9, Python 3.10,...