* create a class that implements {@link Disposable} and register it with this class.
 * </p>
 *
 * @author koichik
 */
public abstract class DisposableUtil {

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected DisposableUtil() {
    }

    /** Registered {@link Disposable} */
    protected static final Deque<Disposable> disposables = newLinkedList();

    /**

    }

    /**
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception {
        DisposableUtil.add(new TestDisposable("a"));
        DisposableUtil.add(new TestDisposable2());
        DisposableUtil.add(new TestDisposable("b"));
        assertThat(DisposableUtil.disposables.size(), is(3));
        DisposableUtil.dispose();
        assertThat(count, is(3));

import org.codelibs.core.misc.DisposableUtil;

/**
 * This class generates {@link BeanDesc}.
 * <p>
 * It returns a {@link BeanDesc} that handles the metadata of the specified JavaBeans.
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * BeanDesc beanDesc = BeanDescFactory.getBeanDesc(Foo.class);
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * {@link BeanDesc} is cached. To clear the cache, call {@link DisposableUtil#dispose()}.
 * </p>
 *
 * @author higa

     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testDispose() throws Exception {
        DisposableUtil.dispose();
        assertThat(MessageFormatter.initialized, is(not(true)));

        MessageFormatter.getMessage("EMSG0000");
        assertThat(MessageFormatter.initialized, is(true));

        DisposableUtil.dispose();
        assertThat(MessageFormatter.initialized, is(not(true)));
    }

import static org.codelibs.core.lang.StringUtil.isEmpty;

import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;

import org.codelibs.core.io.ResourceBundleUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.misc.DisposableUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.misc.LocaleUtil;

/**
 * Class for assembling messages from message codes and arguments.
 *
 * @author higa
 */
public abstract class MessageFormatter {

    /**

/**
 * Represents a disposable resource.
 * <p>
 * If there are resources that must be disposed of when the S2 container shuts down,
 * create a class that implements this interface and register it with {@link DisposableUtil}.
 * </p>
 *
 * @author koichik
 */
public interface Disposable {

    /**
     * Disposes of the resources held by this object.
     *
     */
    void dispose();

import java.util.Map;

import org.codelibs.core.exception.ClIllegalArgumentException;
import org.codelibs.core.message.MessageFormatter;
import org.codelibs.core.misc.DisposableUtil;

/**
 * Logger interface.
 *
 * @author higa
 */
public class Logger {

    /**
     * Log output levels.
     */
    public enum LogLevel {
        /** Debug */
        DEBUG,

- **Type safety** - Extensive use of generics and null-safe operations throughout the API
- **Resource management** - Proper handling of resources with utilities like `CloseableUtil` and `DisposableUtil`

### Key Architectural Patterns
- **Factory Pattern** - `BeanDescFactory` for creating bean descriptors, `ParameterizedClassDescFactory` for generic type handling