@user_router.get("/")
def get_users():
    return [{"user_id": "u1"}, {"user_id": "u2"}]


@user_router.get("/{user_id}")
def get_user(user_id: str):
    return {"user_id": user_id}


@item_router.get("/")
def get_items(user_id: Optional[str] = None):
    if user_id is None:
        return [{"item_id": "i1", "user_id": "u1"}, {"item_id": "i2", "user_id": "u2"}]
    else:
        return [{"item_id": "i2", "user_id": user_id}]

def no_response_model_no_annotation_return_model():
    return User(name="John", surname="Doe")


@app.get("/no_response_model-no_annotation-return_dict")
def no_response_model_no_annotation_return_dict():
    return {"name": "John", "surname": "Doe"}


@app.get("/response_model-no_annotation-return_same_model", response_model=User)
def response_model_no_annotation_return_same_model():
    return User(name="John", surname="Doe")

            sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
        )
    if isinstance(obj, Enum):
        return obj.value
    if isinstance(obj, PurePath):
        return str(obj)
    if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, type(None))):
        return obj
    if isinstance(obj, PydanticUndefinedType):
        return None
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        encoded_dict = {}
        allowed_keys = set(obj.keys())

# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Optional[str] = None):
    return {"p": p}


class QueryModelOptionalStr(BaseModel):
    p: Optional[str] = None


@app.get("/model-optional-str")
async def read_model_optional_str(p: Annotated[QueryModelOptionalStr, Query()]):
    return {"p": p.p}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-str", "/model-optional-str"],
)

# Without aliases


@app.get("/required-str")
async def read_required_str(p: Annotated[str, Cookie()]):
    return {"p": p}


class CookieModelRequiredStr(BaseModel):
    p: str


@app.get("/model-required-str")
async def read_model_required_str(p: Annotated[CookieModelRequiredStr, Cookie()]):
    return {"p": p.p}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/required-str", "/model-required-str"],
)

    return JSONResponse(None, headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})


@app.options("/items/{item_id}")
def options_item(item_id: str):
    return JSONResponse(None, headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})


@app.patch("/items/{item_id}")
def patch_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}


@app.trace("/items/{item_id}")
def trace_item(item_id: str):

@app.post("/required-bytes", operation_id="required_bytes")
async def read_required_bytes(p: Annotated[bytes, File()]):
    return {"file_size": len(p)}


@app.post("/required-uploadfile", operation_id="required_uploadfile")
async def read_required_uploadfile(p: Annotated[UploadFile, File()]):
    return {"file_size": p.size}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    [
        "/required-bytes",

async def read_required_list_str(p: Annotated[list[str], Form()]):
    return {"p": p}


class FormModelRequiredListStr(BaseModel):
    p: list[str]


@app.post("/model-required-list-str", operation_id="model_required_list_str")
def read_model_required_list_str(p: Annotated[FormModelRequiredListStr, Form()]):
    return {"p": p.p}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",

        stacklevel=2,
    )
    if route.operation_id:
        return route.operation_id
    path: str = route.path_format
    return generate_operation_id_for_path(name=route.name, path=path, method=method)


def generate_operation_summary(*, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str) -> str:
    if route.summary:
        return route.summary
    return route.name.replace("_", " ").title()

async def read_required_list_str(p: Annotated[list[str], Body(embed=True)]):
    return {"p": p}


class BodyModelRequiredListStr(BaseModel):
    p: list[str]


@app.post("/model-required-list-str", operation_id="model_required_list_str")
def read_model_required_list_str(p: BodyModelRequiredListStr):
    return {"p": p.p}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",