// reading and so all of the bytes in each new allocated buffer are available for reading from
    // the stream.
    for (int bufSize = initialBufferSize;
        totalLen < MAX_ARRAY_LEN;
        bufSize = IntMath.saturatedMultiply(bufSize, bufSize < 4096 ? 4 : 2)) {
      byte[] buf = new byte[min(bufSize, MAX_ARRAY_LEN - totalLen)];
      bufs.add(buf);
      int off = 0;
      while (off < buf.length) {