// v2.0 endpoint with MSAL4J (recommended)
            authUrl = getAuthority() + getTenant()
                    + "/oauth2/v2.0/authorize?response_type=code&scope=https://graph.microsoft.com/.default&response_mode=form_post&redirect_uri="
                    + URLEncoder.encode(getReplyUrl(request), Constants.UTF_8_CHARSET) + "&client_id=" + getClientId() + "&state=" + state
                    + "&nonce=" + nonce;
        } else {

In those cases, you can use the *path operation decorator* parameter `response_model` instead of the return type.

You can use the `response_model` parameter in any of the *path operations*:

* `@app.get()`
* `@app.post()`
* `@app.put()`
* `@app.delete()`
* etc.

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py hl[17,22,24:27] *}

/// note

But if you have a bunch of dataclasses laying around, this is a nice trick to use them to power a web API using FastAPI. 🤓

///

## Dataclasses in `response_model` { #dataclasses-in-response-model }

You can also use `dataclasses` in the `response_model` parameter:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py hl[1,7:13,19] *}

The dataclass will be automatically converted to a Pydantic dataclass.

And if you declared a `response_model`, it will still be used to filter and convert the object you returned.

**FastAPI** will use that *temporal* response to extract the status code (also cookies and headers), and will put them in the final response that contains the value you returned, filtered by any `response_model`.

And if you declared a `response_model`, it will still be used to filter and convert the object you returned.

**FastAPI** will use that *temporal* response to extract the cookies (also headers and status code), and will put them in the final response that contains the value you returned, filtered by any `response_model`.

///

## Combining information { #combining-information }

You can also combine response information from multiple places, including the `response_model`, `status_code`, and `responses` parameters.

You can declare a `response_model`, using the default status code `200` (or a custom one if you need), and then declare additional information for that same response in `responses`, directly in the OpenAPI schema.

And if you declared a `response_model`, it will still be used to filter and convert the object you returned.

**FastAPI** will use that *temporal* response to extract the headers (also cookies and status code), and will put them in the final response that contains the value you returned, filtered by any `response_model`.

                new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]));

        // Act - Trigger handshake
        int responseCode = ntlmConnection.getResponseCode();

        // Assert - Verify we got the 401 response (simplified test)
        assertEquals(HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED, responseCode);

        // In a real scenario, the connection would reconnect and send Type1/Type3 messages

Then we return the same *table model* `Hero` as is from the function. But as we declare the `response_model` with the `HeroPublic` *data model*, **FastAPI** will use `HeroPublic` to validate and serialize the data.

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial002_an_py310.py ln[56:62] hl[56:58] *}

/// tip

Because we are passing it as a **value to an argument** instead of putting it in a **type annotation**, we have to use `Union` even in Python 3.10.

If it was in a type annotation we could have used the vertical bar, as:

```Python
some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem
```