* Le _chemin_ `/items/{item_id}` a un  _<abbr title="en anglais : path parameter">paramètre</abbr>_ `item_id` qui doit être un `int`.
* Le _chemin_ `/items/{item_id}` a un _<abbr title="en anglais : query param">paramètre de requête</abbr>_ optionnel `q` de type `str`.

### Documentation API interactive

Maintenant, rendez-vous sur <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.

* `skip=20`: da Sie das in der URL gesetzt haben
* `limit=10`: weil das der Defaultwert ist

## Optionale Parameter

Auf die gleiche Weise können Sie optionale Query-Parameter deklarieren, indem Sie deren Defaultwert auf `None` setzen:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional, und standardmäßig `None` sein.

/// check

### Zonder `standard` Afhankelijkheden

Indien je de optionele `standard` afhankelijkheden niet wenst te installeren, kan je installeren met `pip install fastapi` in plaats van `pip install "fastapi[standard]"`.

### Bijkomende Optionele Afhankelijkheden

Er zijn nog een aantal bijkomende afhankelijkheden die je eventueel kan installeren.

Bijkomende optionele afhankelijkheden voor Pydantic:

     *
     * @return an {@link Optional} containing the list of goals, or empty if not specified
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<List<String>> goals();

    /**
     * Returns the target POM model version for upgrades.
     * Supported values include "4.0.0" and "4.1.0".
     *
     * @return an {@link Optional} containing the model version, or empty if not specified
     */
    @Nonnull

   *
   * <p><b>Java 9 users:</b> use {@code optional.stream()} instead.
   */
  @Beta
  @InlineMe(replacement = "optional.stream()")
  @InlineMeValidationDisabled("Java 9+ API only")
  public static <T> Stream<T> stream(java.util.Optional<T> optional) {
    return optional.isPresent() ? Stream.of(optional.get()) : Stream.empty();
  }

  /**
   * If a value is present in {@code optional}, returns a stream containing only that element,

* `skip=20`: because you set it in the URL
* `limit=10`: because that was the default value

## Optional parameters { #optional-parameters }

The same way, you can declare optional query parameters, by setting their default to `None`:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

In this case, the function parameter `q` will be optional, and will be `None` by default.

/// check

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Optional;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

/**
 * Tests for {@link DosError}.  Since {@link DosError} only contains
 * constants, the tests exercise the data and small helper logic in this
 * test class.
 */
public class DosErrorTest {
    private static Optional<Integer> findNtStatus(int dosErrorCode) {

```

////

#### Using `Union` or `Optional` { #using-union-or-optional }

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.26</version>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.5</version>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

    private static Optional<String> lookupMessage(int code) {
        int[] codes = WinError.WINERR_CODES;
        String[] msgs = WinError.WINERR_MESSAGES;
        for (int i = 0; i < codes.length; i++) {
            if (codes[i] == code) {
                return Optional.of(msgs[i]);
            }
        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }