assertEquals(innerException, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(innerMessage, exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    public void test_multiLevelExceptionChaining() {
        // Test multi-level exception chaining
        Exception level1 = new Exception("Level 1");
        RuntimeException level2 = new RuntimeException("Level 2", level1);
        StorageException level3 = new StorageException("Level 3", level2);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(longMessage, exception.getMessage());
    }

    public void test_multiLevelExceptionChain() {
        // Test multi-level exception chain
        Throwable level3 = new NullPointerException("Null value");
        Throwable level2 = new IllegalStateException("Invalid state", level3);

    }

    // Test thread safety
    public void test_threadSafety() {
        // Test that the provider returns the same instances in multi-threaded environment
        final int threadCount = 10;
        final Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadCount];
        final InvertibleCryptographer[] invertibles = new InvertibleCryptographer[threadCount];

            }

            @Override
            public String minKey() {
                return "multi.min";
            }

            @Override
            public String maxKey() {
                return "multi.max";
            }
        };

        assertEquals("Should have 2 groups", 2, multiAnnotation.groups().length);

     *
     * @param request the multi-get request
     * @return a future for the multi-get response
     */
    @Override
    public ActionFuture<MultiGetResponse> multiGet(final MultiGetRequest request) {
        return client.multiGet(request);
    }

    /**
     * Gets multiple documents asynchronously with a callback.
     *
     * @param request  the multi-get request

              <exclude>META-INF/versions/9/com/**/*.class</exclude>
            </excludes>
            <archive>
              <manifestEntries>
                <Multi-Release>true</Multi-Release>
              </manifestEntries>
            </archive>
          </configuration>
          <dependencies>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>

              <exclude>META-INF/versions/9/com/**/*.class</exclude>
            </excludes>
            <archive>
              <manifestEntries>
                <Multi-Release>true</Multi-Release>
              </manifestEntries>
            </archive>
          </configuration>
          <dependencies>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>

     */
    public QueryStringBuilder() {
        // Default constructor
    }

    /**
     * Quotes a string value if it contains spaces.
     * Multi-word values are wrapped in double quotes with internal quotes replaced by spaces.
     *
     * @param value the string value to quote
     * @return the quoted string if it contains spaces, otherwise the original value
     */

    /**
     * Statistics data object that stores timestamped events and maintains reference counting.
     * Extends LinkedHashMap to store event names mapped to their timestamps.
     * Includes reference counting for multi-threaded access tracking.
     */
    public static class StatsObject extends LinkedHashMap<String, Long> {
        /** Serial version UID for serialization. */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            @Override
            public ProtocolType protocolType() {
                return ProtocolType.WEB;
            }

            @Override
            public String message() {
                return "Multi test";
            }

            @Override
            public Class<?>[] groups() {
                return new Class<?>[] { TestGroup.class, AnotherTestGroup.class };
            }

            @Override