// Test edge cases to understand the validation behavior
    @Test
    public void test_edgeCaseBehavior() {
        String[] edgeCases = { "0 0 25 * * ?", // Invalid day of month
                "0 60 * * * ?", // Invalid minute
                "0 0 0 32 1 ?", // Invalid day
                "0 0 0 1 13 ?", // Invalid month
        };

        for (String cron : edgeCases) {
            boolean result = validator.determineValid(cron);

        testBoundaryValue(1L);
        testBoundaryValue(-1L);

        // Test one second boundaries
        testBoundaryValue(1000L);
        testBoundaryValue(-1000L);

        // Test one minute boundaries
        testBoundaryValue(60000L);
        testBoundaryValue(-60000L);

        // Test one hour boundaries
        testBoundaryValue(3600000L);
        testBoundaryValue(-3600000L);

            @Override
            protected long getCurrentTime() {
                return System.currentTimeMillis();
            }
        };
        roleQueryHelper.maxAge = 60; // 1 minute

        Set<String> roleSet = new HashSet<>();
        // Create timestamp that's 2 minutes old
        long expiredTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 - 120;

    /** Default cron expression for general scheduling (daily at midnight). */
    public static final String DEFAULT_CRON_EXPRESSION = "0 0 * * *";

    /** Default cron expression for search log processing (every minute). */
    public static final String DEFAULT_SEARCH_LOG_CRON_EXPRESSION = "* * * * *";

    /** Default cron expression for daily tasks (daily at midnight). */