// Test characters just outside ranges that are not valid
        assertFalse(CharUtil.isUrlChar('`')); // backtick (just before 'a')
        assertFalse(CharUtil.isUrlChar('{')); // left brace (just after 'z')
        assertFalse(CharUtil.isUrlChar('^')); // caret (before 'a' range)
        assertFalse(CharUtil.isUrlChar('|')); // pipe (not in valid set)
    }

    }

    /**
     * Removes whitespace from the left side of the string.
     *
     * @param text
     *            The text to trim
     * @return The resulting string
     */
    public static final String ltrim(final String text) {
        return ltrim(text, null);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the specified characters from the left side of the string.
     *
     * @param text

     *
     * <p>This method escapes the following characters as per RFC 4515:
     * <ul>
     * <li>\ (backslash) → \5c</li>
     * <li>* (asterisk) → \2a</li>
     * <li>( (left parenthesis) → \28</li>
     * <li>) (right parenthesis) → \29</li>
     * <li>\0 (null character) → \00</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p><strong>Security Note:</strong> This method MUST be called on all user-supplied