// We verify that the constructor throws an exception, which indirectly tests the desired logic.
        assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new PacCredentialType(null));
    }

    /**
     * Tests the isCredentialTypeCorrect method with a byte array of exact minimal buffer size.
     * This test is also indirect.
     */
    @Test
    void testIsCredentialTypeCorrectWithExactSizeData() {

   *
   * <ol>
   *   <li>All its mutation methods result in UnsupportedOperationException, and do not change the
   *       underlying contents.
   *   <li>All methods that return objects that can indirectly mutate the collection throw
   *       UnsupportedOperationException when those mutators are called.
   * </ol>
   *
   * @param collection the presumed-immutable collection

        // Execute
        final SsoMessageException exception = new SsoMessageException(messageCode, message);

        // Verify that it has serialVersionUID (indirectly by checking it's serializable)
        assertTrue(exception instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

        assertTrue((searchAttributes & SmbConstants.ATTR_SYSTEM) != 0);
        assertTrue((searchAttributes & SmbConstants.ATTR_DIRECTORY) != 0);
    }

    /**
     * Test writeString method indirectly through writeBytesWireFormat
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test writeString handles path separators correctly")
    public void testWriteStringWithPathSeparators() {
        // Given

        assertTrue("Long commands should be settable", true);
    }

    // Test path expansion logic
    public void test_path_expansion() throws Exception {
        // Test the expandPath functionality indirectly through variable replacement
        final String testCommand = "convert ${url} -resize 100x100 ${outputFile}";
        final String tempPath = "/tmp/source.pdf";
        final String outputPath = "/tmp/thumbnail.jpg";

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should implement Decodable interface through FileSystemInformation")
        void shouldImplementDecodableInterface() {
            // Verify that AllocInfo indirectly implements Decodable
            assertTrue(jcifs.Decodable.class.isAssignableFrom(AllocInfo.class));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should define getCapacity method")

# Return a Response Directly { #return-a-response-directly }

When you create a **FastAPI** *path operation* you can normally return any data from it: a `dict`, a `list`, a Pydantic model, a database model, etc.

By default, **FastAPI** would automatically convert that return value to JSON using the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

        etc.) may break.
    *   Code that uses full path for `get_concrete_function` to trace Keras
        symbolic inputs directly should switch to building matching
        `tf.TensorSpec`s directly and tracing the `TensorSpec` objects.
    *   Code that relies on the exact number and names of the op layers that
        TensorFlow operations were converted into may have changed.

            * **FastAPI** adds a reference here to the global JSON Schemas in another place in your OpenAPI instead of including it directly. This way, other applications and clients can use those JSON Schemas directly, provide better code generation tools, etc.

///

The generated responses in the OpenAPI for this *path operation* will be:

```JSON hl_lines="3-12"
{
    "responses": {