int outlen = 5;
        byte[] expanded = PacMac.expandNFold(data, outlen);
        assertNotNull(expanded);
        assertEquals(outlen, expanded.length);

        // Test vectors from RFC 3961 Appendix A.1
        // 64-fold("012345")
        verifyNfold("012345", 8,
                new byte[] { (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0x07, (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x6b, (byte) 0x19, (byte) 0x55 });

        // When
        initialReferral.append(appendedReferral);

        // Then
        assertEquals(appendedReferral, initialReferral.next,
                "The 'next' property of the initial referral should point to the appended referral.");
        assertEquals(initialReferral, appendedReferral.next,
                "The 'next' property of the appended referral should point back to the initial referral, closing the loop.");

				fi.DataDir = mustGetUUID()
				ids[i] = fi.VersionID
				fi.ModTime = fi.ModTime.Add(-time.Second)
				xl.AddVersion(fi)
			}
			// Encode all. This is used for benchmarking.
			enc, err := xl.AppendTo(nil)
			if err != nil {
				b.Fatal(err)
			}
			b.Logf("Serialized size: %d bytes", len(enc))
			rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(0))
			dump := make([]byte, len(enc))

			// delete this version leading to a free version
			xl.DeleteVersion(fi)
			freeVersionIDs = append(freeVersionIDs, fi.TierFreeVersionID())
			allVersionIDs = append(allVersionIDs, fi.TierFreeVersionID())
		} else {
			versions = append(versions, fi)
			allVersionIDs = append(allVersionIDs, fi.VersionID)
		}
	}
	buf, err := xl.AppendTo(nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to serialize xlmeta %v", err)
	}

    }

    // Test multiple appends to the same buffer
    public void test_multipleAppends() {
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

        monitorTarget.append(buf, "key1", () -> "value1");
        buf.append(",");
        monitorTarget.append(buf, "key2", () -> 123);
        buf.append(",");
        monitorTarget.append(buf, "key3", () -> null);

     * @return new referral, combining a chain of referrals
     */
    DfsReferralDataInternal combine(DfsReferralData next);

    /**
     * Append another referral to this referral chain
     *
     * @param dr the referral to append
     */
    void append(DfsReferralDataInternal dr);

      if (placeholderStart == -1) {
        break;
      }
      builder.append(template, templateStart, placeholderStart);
      builder.append(lenientToString(args[i++]));
      templateStart = placeholderStart + 2;
    }
    builder.append(template, templateStart, template.length());

    // if we run out of placeholders, append the extra args in square brackets
    if (i < args.length) {
      String prefix = " [";

		accessKey string
		secretKey string
		// expected Response.
		expectedRespStatus int
	}{
		// Test case - 1.
		{
			bucketName:         bucketName,
			bucketPolicyReader: bytes.NewReader(fmt.Appendf(nil, bucketPolicyTemplate, bucketName, bucketName)),

			policyLen:          len(fmt.Sprintf(bucketPolicyTemplate, bucketName, bucketName)),
			accessKey:          credentials.AccessKey,

			t, err := strconv.ParseInt(split[1], 10, 64)
			if err == nil {
				startTime = time.Unix(0, t)
			}
		}
		uploads = append(uploads, MultipartInfo{
			Bucket:    bucket,
			Object:    object,
			UploadID:  base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(fmt.Appendf(nil, "%s.%s", globalDeploymentID(), uploadID)),
			Initiated: startTime,
		})
		populatedUploadIDs.Add(uploadID)
	}

            out.write(initial.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        }

        // Append additional content
        String append = "Appended content\n";
        try (OutputStream out = file.openOutputStream(true)) { // true = append mode
            out.write(append.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        }

        // Verify combined content
        try (InputStream in = file.getInputStream()) {