Handler handler = new Handler();
        Handler.GcsURLConnection conn = (Handler.GcsURLConnection) handler.openConnection(url);

        // Ensure environment variables are not set (in real scenario)
        // In this test, we expect IOException when project ID is blank
        try {
            conn.connect();
            fail("Should throw IOException when project ID is not set");

        Handler handler = new Handler();
        Handler.StorageURLConnection conn = (Handler.StorageURLConnection) handler.openConnection(url);

        // Ensure environment variables are not set (in real scenario)
        // In this test, we expect IOException when endpoint is blank
        try {
            conn.connect();
            fail("Should throw IOException when endpoint is not set");