If you have traditional spinning (hdd) drives, some applications with high concurrency might require MinIO cluster to be tuned such that to avoid random I/O on the drives. The way to convert high concurrent I/O into a sequential I/O is by reducing the number of concurrent operations allowed per cluster. This allows MinIO cluster to be operationally resilient to such workloads, while also making sure the drives are at optimal efficiency and responsive.

		return config.DefaultHelpPostfix(DefaultKVS, key)
	}

	// Help provides help for config values
	Help = config.HelpKVS{
		config.HelpKV{
			Key:         Bitrot,
			Description: `perform bitrot scan on drives when checking objects during scanner` + defaultHelpPostfix(Bitrot),
			Optional:    true,
			Type:        "on|off",
		},
		config.HelpKV{
			Key:         Sleep,

drives.  Therefore, the number of drives you present must be a multiple of one of these numbers.  Each object is written to a single erasure-coding set.

Minio uses the largest possible EC set size which divides into the number of drives given. For example, *18 drives* are configured as *2 sets of 9 drives*, and *24 drives* are configured as *2 sets of 12 drives*.  This is true for scenarios when running MinIO as a standalone erasure coded deployment. In [distributed setup however node (affinity)...

			"Total number of offline drives in current MinIO server instance",
			nil, nil),
		prometheus.GaugeValue,
		float64(offlineDisks.Sum()),
	)

	// MinIO Total Disks per node
	ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(
		prometheus.NewDesc(
			prometheus.BuildFQName(minioNamespace, "drives", "total"),
			"Total number of drives for current MinIO server instance",
			nil, nil),

two parity drives, 100 MiB file takes only approximately 114 MiB.

Below is a list of data/parity drives and corresponding _approximate_ storage space usage on a 16 drive MinIO deployment. The field _storage
usage ratio_ is simply the drive space used by the file after erasure-encoding, divided by actual file size.

| Total Drives (N) | Data Drives (D) | Parity Drives (P) | Storage Usage Ratio |

version:
address: ':9000'
console-address: ':9001'
certs-dir: '/home/user/.minio/certs/'
pools: # Specify the nodes and drives with pools
  -
        - 'https://server-example-pool1:9000/mnt/disk{1...4}/'
        - 'https://server1-pool1:9000/mnt/disk{1...4}/'
        - 'https://server3-pool1:9000/mnt/disk{1...4}/'
        - 'https://server4-pool1:9000/mnt/disk{1...4}/'
  -
        - 'https://server-example-pool2:9000/mnt/disk{1...4}/'

func TestErasureHeal(t *testing.T) {
	for i, test := range erasureHealTests {
		if test.offDisks < test.badStaleDisks {
			// test case sanity check
			t.Fatalf("Test %d: Bad test case - number of stale drives cannot be less than number of badstale drives", i)
		}

		// create some test data
		setup, err := newErasureTestSetup(t, test.dataBlocks, test.disks-test.dataBlocks, test.blocksize)
		if err != nil {

		if errors.Is(err, errNoHealRequired) {
			countNoHeal++
		}
		r.DiskCount += result.DiskCount
		r.SetCount += result.SetCount
		r.Before.Drives = append(r.Before.Drives, result.Before.Drives...)
		r.After.Drives = append(r.After.Drives, result.After.Drives...)
	}

	// No heal returned by all serverPools, return errNoHealRequired
	if countNoHeal == len(z.serverPools) {
		return r, errNoHealRequired
	}

import "context"

const (
	healthDrivesOfflineCount = "drives_offline_count"
	healthDrivesOnlineCount  = "drives_online_count"
	healthDrivesCount        = "drives_count"
)

var (
	healthDrivesOfflineCountMD = NewGaugeMD(healthDrivesOfflineCount,
		"Count of offline drives in the cluster")
	healthDrivesOnlineCountMD = NewGaugeMD(healthDrivesOnlineCount,
		"Count of online drives in the cluster")

			return fmt.Errorf("%s drive is already being used in another erasure deployment. (Number of drives specified: %d but the number of drives found in the %s drive's format.json: %d)",
				disks[i], len(formats), humanize.Ordinal(i+1), len(formatErasure.Erasure.Sets)*len(formatErasure.Erasure.Sets[0]))
		}
		if len(formatErasure.Erasure.Sets[0]) != setDriveCount {