*
 * <pre>{@code
 * void exampleBadCaller() {
 *   double d = sqrt(-1.0);
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>would be flagged as having called {@code sqrt()} with an illegal argument.
 *
 * <h3>Performance</h3>
 *
 * <p>Avoid passing message arguments that are expensive to compute; your code will always compute

      this.chars = checkNotNull(chars);
      try {
        this.bitsPerChar = log2(chars.length, UNNECESSARY);
      } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal alphabet length " + chars.length, e);
      }

      // Compute how input bytes are chunked. For example, with base64 we chunk every 3 bytes into