# 响应头

## 使用 `Response` 参数

你可以在你的*路径操作函数*中声明一个`Response`类型的参数（就像你可以为cookies做的那样）。

然后你可以在这个*临时*响应对象中设置头部。
```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py!}
```

然后你可以像平常一样返回任何你需要的对象（例如一个`dict`或者一个数据库模型）。如果你声明了一个`response_model`，它仍然会被用来过滤和转换你返回的对象。

**FastAPI**将使用这个临时响应来提取头部（也包括cookies和状态码），并将它们放入包含你返回的值的最终响应中，该响应由任何`response_model`过滤。

你也可以在依赖项中声明`Response`参数，并在其中设置头部（和cookies）。

## 直接返回 `Response`

    And as the `Response` can be used frequently to set headers and cookies, **FastAPI** also provides it at `fastapi.Response`.

## Custom Headers

Keep in mind that custom proprietary headers can be added <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">using the 'X-' prefix</a>.

    Y como la `Response` puede ser usada frecuentemente para configurar headers y cookies, **FastAPI** también la provee en `fastapi.Response`.

## Headers Personalizados

Ten en cuenta que se pueden añadir headers propietarios personalizados <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">usando el prefijo 'X-'</a>.

Und dann können Sie Header in diesem *vorübergehenden* Response-Objekt festlegen.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py!}
```

Anschließend können Sie wie gewohnt jedes gewünschte Objekt zurückgeben (ein `dict`, ein Datenbankmodell, usw.).

    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer nonexistent"})
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Could not validate credentials"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == 'Bearer scope="me"'


def test_incorrect_token_type():
    response = client.get(
        "/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Notexistent testtoken"}
    )

def test_read_item():
    response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "id": "foo",
        "title": "Foo",
        "description": "There goes my hero",
    }


def test_read_item_bad_token():
    response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"})
    assert response.status_code == 400

        }
    )


def test_get_invalid_one_header_items():
    response = client.get("/items/", headers={"X-Token": "invalid"})
    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "X-Token header invalid"}


def test_get_invalid_one_users():
    response = client.get("/users/", headers={"X-Token": "invalid"})
    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text

    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Bearer"


def test_token():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer testtoken"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"token": "testtoken"}


def test_incorrect_token():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Notexistent testtoken"})

                    detail="Not authenticated",
                    headers=unauthorized_headers,
                )
            else:
                return None
        invalid_user_credentials_exc = HTTPException(
            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
            detail="Invalid authentication credentials",
            headers=unauthorized_headers,
        )
        try:

            200,
            {"X-Token values": ["foo", "bar"]},
        ),
    ],
)
def test(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response):
    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200