}


@app.get(
    "/simple_exclude",
    response_model=Model2,
    response_model_exclude={"ref": {"bar"}},
)
def simple_exclude():
    return Model2(
        ref=Model1(foo="simple_exclude model foo", bar="simple_exclude model bar"),
        baz="simple_exclude model2 baz",
    )


@app.get(
    "/simple_exclude_dict",
    response_model=Model2,

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Model(BaseModel):
    pass


class Model2(BaseModel):
    a: Model


class Model3(BaseModel):
    c: Model
    d: Model2


@app.get("/", response_model=Model3)
def f():
    return {"c": {}, "d": {"a": {}}}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_api_route():

`response_model` receives the same type you would declare for a Pydantic model field, so, it can be a Pydantic model, but it can also be, e.g. a `list` of Pydantic models, like `List[Item]`.

FastAPI will use this `response_model` to do all the data documentation, validation, etc. and also to **convert and filter the output data** to its type declaration.

!!! tip

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="12"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="14"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="14"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

## Set-Typen

### `response_model_include` 和 `response_model_exclude`

你还可以使用*路径操作装饰器*的 `response_model_include` 和 `response_model_exclude` 参数。

它们接收一个由属性名称 `str` 组成的 `set` 来包含（忽略其他的）或者排除（包含其他的）这些属性。

如果你只有一个 Pydantic 模型，并且想要从输出中移除一些数据，则可以使用这种快捷方法。

!!! tip
    但是依然建议你使用上面提到的主意，使用多个类而不是这些参数。

```Python hl_lines="9 11 16"
{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
```

ここでは、*path operation関数*がパスワードを含む同じ入力ユーザーを返しているにもかかわらず:

```Python hl_lines="24"
{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
```

...`response_model`を`UserOut`と宣言したことで、パスワードが含まれていません:

```Python hl_lines="22"
{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
```

* data validation
* data serialization
* data documentation, etc.

This works the same way as with Pydantic models. And it is actually achieved in the same way underneath, using Pydantic.

!!! info
    Keep in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do.

    So, you might still need to use Pydantic models.

    We are not restricted to having only one dependency that can return that type of data.

## Other models

You can now get the current user directly in the *path operation functions* and deal with the security mechanisms at the **Dependency Injection** level, using `Depends`.

class CustomModel(BaseModel):
    a: int


app = FastAPI()

callback_router = APIRouter(default_response_class=JSONResponse)


@callback_router.get(
    "{$callback_url}/callback/", responses={400: {"model": CustomModel}}
)
def callback_route():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


@app.post("/", callbacks=callback_router.routes)
def main_route(callback_url: HttpUrl):
    pass  # pragma: no cover

    ```

!!! warning
    Notice that `Field` is imported directly from `pydantic`, not from `fastapi` as are all the rest (`Query`, `Path`, `Body`, etc).

## Declare model attributes

You can then use `Field` with model attributes:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="11-14"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"