But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should keep the following in mind.

## Benchmarks and speed

When you check the benchmarks, it is common to see several tools of different types compared as equivalent.

Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).

### Flask REST frameworks

There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.

### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>

# How To - Recipes

Here you will see different recipes or "how to" guides for **several topics**.

Most of these ideas would be more or less **independent**, and in most cases you should only need to study them if they apply directly to **your project**.

If something seems interesting and useful to your project, go ahead and check it, but otherwise, you might probably just skip them.

!!! tip

## Separating tests

In a real application, you probably would have your tests in a different file.

And your **FastAPI** application might also be composed of several files/modules, etc.

### **FastAPI** app file

Let's say you have a file structure as described in [Bigger Applications](bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:

```
.
├── app

                """
            ),
        ],
        scope: Annotated[
            str,
            Form(),
            Doc(
                """
                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
                scope is also a string.

                For example, a single string with:

                ```python

    * Si no usaras FastAPI y usaras Starlette directamente (u otra herramienta, como Sanic, Flask, Responder, etc.), tendrías que implementar toda la validación y serialización de datos tu mismo. Por lo tanto, tu aplicación final...

  ]
}
```

!!! tip "Astuce"
    Pour déclarer un paramètre de requête de type `list`, comme dans l'exemple ci-dessus, il faut explicitement utiliser `Query`, sinon cela sera interprété comme faisant partie du corps de la requête.

La documentation sera donc mise à jour automatiquement pour autoriser plusieurs valeurs :

<img src="/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image02.png">

```Python hl_lines="6-7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

La valeur du paramètre `item_id` sera transmise à la fonction dans l'argument `item_id`.

Donc, si vous exécutez cet exemple et allez sur <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo</a>,

You can use the same type declarations with `str`, `float`, `bool` and many other complex data types.

Several of these are explored in the next chapters of the tutorial.

## Order matters

When creating *path operations*, you can find situations where you have a fixed path.

The main thing you need to run a **FastAPI** application (or any other ASGI application) in a remote server machine is an ASGI server program like **Uvicorn**, this is the one that comes by default in the `fastapi` command.

There are several alternatives, including:

* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>: a high performance ASGI server.