sql, vars := stmt.SQL.String(), stmt.Vars
			if filter, ok := db.Logger.(ParamsFilter); ok {
				sql, vars = filter.ParamsFilter(stmt.Context, stmt.SQL.String(), stmt.Vars...)
			}
			return db.Dialector.Explain(sql, vars...), db.RowsAffected
		}, db.Error)
	}

	if !stmt.DB.DryRun {
		stmt.SQL.Reset()
		stmt.Vars = nil
	}

	if resetBuildClauses {

type CheckConstraint struct {
	Name       string
	Constraint string // length(phone) >= 10
	*Field
}

func (chk *CheckConstraint) GetName() string { return chk.Name }

func (chk *CheckConstraint) Build() (sql string, vars []interface{}) {
	return "CONSTRAINT ? CHECK (?)", []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: chk.Name}, clause.Expr{SQL: chk.Constraint}}
}

// ParseCheckConstraints parse schema check constraints

				} else {
					vars[idx] = nullStr
				}
			}
		case []byte:
			if s := string(v); isPrintable(s) {
				vars[idx] = escaper + strings.ReplaceAll(s, escaper, escaper+escaper) + escaper
			} else {
				vars[idx] = escaper + "<binary>" + escaper
			}
		case int, int8, int16, int32, int64, uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64:
			vars[idx] = utils.ToString(v)
		case float32:

											vars := onStmt.Vars
											for idx, v := range vars {
												bindvar := strings.Builder{}
												onStmt.Vars = vars[0 : idx+1]
												db.Dialector.BindVarTo(&bindvar, &onStmt, v)
												onSQL = strings.Replace(onSQL, bindvar.String(), "?", 1)
											}

											exprs = append(exprs, clause.Expr{SQL: onSQL, Vars: vars})
										}
									}
								}

			tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Select{
				Distinct:   db.Statement.Distinct,
				Expression: clause.Expr{SQL: v, Vars: args},
			})
		} else if strings.Count(v, "@") > 0 && len(args) > 0 {
			tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Select{
				Distinct:   db.Statement.Distinct,
				Expression: clause.NamedExpr{SQL: v, Vars: args},
			})
		} else {
			tx.Statement.Selects = []string{v}

			for _, arg := range args {

		constraint, table := m.GuessConstraintInterfaceAndTable(stmt, name)
		if constraint != nil {
			vars := []interface{}{clause.Table{Name: table}}
			if stmt.TableExpr != nil {
				vars[0] = stmt.TableExpr
			}
			sql, values := constraint.Build()
			return m.DB.Exec("ALTER TABLE ? ADD "+sql, append(vars, values...)...).Error
		}
		return nil
	})
}

// DropConstraint drop constraint

	)

	results := []struct {
		SQL           string
		NumericRegexp *regexp.Regexp
		Vars          []interface{}
		Result        string
	}{
		{
			SQL:           "create table users (name, age, height, actived, bytes, create_at, update_at, deleted_at, email, role, pass) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
			NumericRegexp: nil,

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestLimit(t *testing.T) {
	limit0 := 0
	limit10 := 10
	limit50 := 50
	limitNeg10 := -10
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Limit{
				Limit:  &limit10,
				Offset: 20,
			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
			[]interface{}{limit10, 20},

package schema

import (
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

// ConstraintInterface database constraint interface
type ConstraintInterface interface {
	GetName() string
	Build() (sql string, vars []interface{})
}

// GormDataTypeInterface gorm data type interface
type GormDataTypeInterface interface {
	GormDataType() string
}

// FieldNewValuePool field new scan value pool
type FieldNewValuePool interface {
	Get() interface{}

				db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.SQL.String(), db.Statement.Vars...,
			)
			if db.AddError(err) == nil {
				defer func() {
					db.AddError(rows.Close())
				}()
				gorm.Scan(rows, db, mode)
			}

			return
		}

		result, err := db.Statement.ConnPool.ExecContext(
			db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.SQL.String(), db.Statement.Vars...,
		)
		if err != nil {
			db.AddError(err)
			return
		}