builder.WriteByte(' ')
		}
		builder.WriteString("OFFSET ")
		builder.AddVar(builder, limit.Offset)
	}
}

// MergeClause merge order by clauses
func (limit Limit) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
	clause.Name = ""

	if v, ok := clause.Expression.(Limit); ok {
		if (limit.Limit == nil || *limit.Limit == 0) && v.Limit != nil {
			limit.Limit = v.Limit
		}

		if limit.Offset == 0 && v.Offset > 0 {

			"row":    {db: db},
			"raw":    {db: db},
		},
	}
}

// callbacks gorm callbacks manager
type callbacks struct {
	processors map[string]*processor
}

type processor struct {
	db        *DB
	Clauses   []string
	fns       []func(*DB)
	callbacks []*callback
}

type callback struct {
	name      string
	before    string
	after     string
	remove    bool
	replace   bool
	match     func(*DB) bool

		Mobile: "on-conflict-user-mobile",
	}
	err = DB.Create(&u).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, nil)

	u.Name = "on-conflict-user-name-2"
	u.Email = "on-conflict-user-email-2"
	u.Mobile = ""
	err = DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{UpdateAll: true}).Create(&u).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, nil)

	var u2 OnConflictUser
	err = DB.Where("id = ?", u.ID).First(&u2).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, nil)

package clause

// Interface clause interface
type Interface interface {
	Name() string
	Build(Builder)
	MergeClause(*Clause)
}

// ClauseBuilder clause builder, allows to customize how to build clause
type ClauseBuilder func(Clause, Builder)

type Writer interface {
	WriteByte(byte) error
	WriteString(string) (int, error)
}

// Builder builder interface
type Builder interface {
	Writer
	WriteQuoted(field interface{})

		clauses := []clause.Interface{
			clause.Select{},
			clause.From{},
			clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{
				clause.Eq{Column: clause.PrimaryColumn, Value: "1"},
				clause.Gt{Column: "age", Value: 18},
				clause.Or(clause.Neq{Column: "name", Value: "jinzhu"}),
			}},
			clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{

	tx = db.getInstance()
	tx.Statement.Model = value
	return
}

// Clauses Add clauses
//
// This supports both standard clauses (clause.OrderBy, clause.Limit, clause.Where) and more
// advanced techniques like specifying lock strength and optimizer hints. See the
// [docs] for more depth.
//
//	// add a simple limit clause
//	db.Clauses(clause.Limit{Limit: 1}).Find(&User{})
//	// tell the optimizer to use the `idx_user_name` index

						where.Exprs = []clause.Expression{clause.And(where.Exprs...)}
						c.Expression = where
						stmt.Clauses["WHERE"] = c
						break
					}
				}
			}
		}

		stmt.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{
			clause.Eq{Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: sd.Field.DBName}, Value: sd.ZeroValue},
		}})

	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestUpsert(t *testing.T) {
	lang := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}
	if err := DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&lang).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to upsert, got %v", err)
	}

	lang2 := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}

		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{clause.PrimaryColumn},
			}, clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "name"}},
			}, clause.From{}},
			"SELECT `name` FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{
				Expression: clause.CommaExpression{
					Exprs: []clause.Expression{
						clause.NamedExpr{"?", []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: "id"}}},

					clauseSelect.Columns = make([]clause.Column, len(stmt.Schema.DBNames))

					for idx, dbName := range stmt.Schema.DBNames {
						clauseSelect.Columns[idx] = clause.Column{Table: db.Statement.Table, Name: dbName}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// inline joins
		fromClause := clause.From{}
		if v, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["FROM"].Expression.(clause.From); ok {
			fromClause = v
		}