for (i in 0 until length) {
    val c = this[i]
    if (c <= '\u001f' || c >= '\u007f') {
      return i
    }
  }
  return -1
}

/** Returns true if we should void putting this this header in an exception or toString(). */
internal fun isSensitiveHeader(name: String): Boolean {
  return name.equals("Authorization", ignoreCase = true) ||
    name.equals("Cookie", ignoreCase = true) ||

Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs.

    ```

### `Union` in Python 3.10

In this example we pass `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` as the value of the argument `response_model`.

Because we are passing it as a **value to an argument** instead of putting it in a **type annotation**, we have to use `Union` even in Python 3.10.

If it was in a type annotation we could have used the vertical bar, as:

```Python
some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem
```

- [`KTIJ-26661`](https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KTIJ-26661) K2 IDE. PIEAE “Element class CompositeElement of type FUN” after removing/putting back function with operator modifier
- [`KTIJ-26672`](https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KTIJ-26672) K2 IDE: false positive in optimize import for ambiguity calls

## Alternative (old) `Query` as the default value

Previous versions of FastAPI (before <abbr title="before 2023-03">0.95.0</abbr>) required you to use `Query` as the default value of your parameter, instead of putting it in `Annotated`, there's a high chance that you will see code using it around, so I'll explain it to you.

!!! tip

  // The webhook cares about an operation if it matches _any_ Rule.
  // However, in order to prevent ValidatingAdmissionWebhooks and MutatingAdmissionWebhooks
  // from putting the cluster in a state which cannot be recovered from without completely
  // disabling the plugin, ValidatingAdmissionWebhooks and MutatingAdmissionWebhooks are never called

Deploying a **FastAPI** application is relatively easy.

## What Does Deployment Mean

To **deploy** an application means to perform the necessary steps to make it **available to the users**.

For a **web API**, it normally involves putting it in a **remote machine**, with a **server program** that provides good performance, stability, etc, so that your **users** can **access** the application efficiently and without interruptions or problems.

* It should not be client-specific.
  * In Istio sidecars, historically we had a lot of client-specific xDS. For example, putting the xDS-client's IP back into the xDS response. This makes efficient control plane implementation (most notably, caching), extremely challenging.

## Type Hints with Metadata Annotations

Python also has a feature that allows putting **additional metadata** in these type hints using `Annotated`.

=== "Python 3.9+"

    In Python 3.9, `Annotated` is part of the standard library, so you can import it from `typing`.

    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"

We create an async function `lifespan()` with `yield` like this:

```Python hl_lines="16  19"
{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
```

Here we are simulating the expensive *startup* operation of loading the model by putting the (fake) model function in the dictionary with machine learning models before the `yield`. This code will be executed **before** the application **starts taking requests**, during the *startup*.