* Valida **estructuras complejas**:
    * Usa modelos jerárquicos de modelos de Pydantic, `typing` de Python,  `List` y `Dict`, etc.

* Valide les **structures complexes**:
    * Utilise les modèles hiérarchique de Pydantic, le `typage` Python pour les `Lists`, `Dict`, etc.
    * Et les validateurs permettent aux schémas de données complexes d'être clairement et facilement définis, validés et documentés sous forme d'un schéma JSON.

// concepts during lookup stages without having partially valid types
//
// +protobuf.options.(gogoproto.goproto_stringer)=false
message GroupKind {
  optional string group = 1;

  optional string kind = 2;
}

// GroupResource specifies a Group and a Resource, but does not force a version.  This is useful for identifying
// concepts during lookup stages without having partially valid types
//

                "path",
                "item_id"
            ],
            "msg": "value is not a valid integer",
            "type": "type_error.integer"
        }
    ]
}
```

eine Textversion:

```
1 validation error
path -> item_id
  value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer)
```

#### `RequestValidationError` vs. `ValidationError`

!!! warning "Achtung"

  `comp:` etc.  At this stage we check if the PR is valid and meets certain
  quality requirements. For example, we check if the CLA is signed, PR has
  sufficient description, if applicable unit tests are added, if it is a
  reasonable contribution (meaning it is not a single liner cosmetic PR).

**2. Valid?**

-   If the PR passes all the quality checks then we go ahead and assign a
    reviewer.

```Python hl_lines="26-33"
{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!}
```

!!! tip "Astuce"
    Ici, nous réutilisons le même modèle Pydantic.

  //      implementations prior to v1.22)
  //   2. Signer whose configured maximum is shorter than the requested duration
  //   3. Signer whose configured minimum is longer than the requested duration
  //
  // The minimum valid value for expirationSeconds is 600, i.e. 10 minutes.
  //
  // +optional
  optional int32 expirationSeconds = 8;

  // usages specifies a set of key usages requested in the issued certificate.
  //

    * Swagger UI.
    * ReDoc.

---

Pour revenir à l'exemple de code précédent, **FastAPI** permet de :

* Valider que `item_id` existe dans le chemin des requêtes `GET` et `PUT`.
* Valider que `item_id` est de type `int` pour les requêtes `GET` et `PUT`.
    * Si ce n'est pas le cas, le client voit une erreur utile et claire.

    * The generated schema will specify that it's a `str` with `binary` "format".
* `Decimal`:
    * Standard Python `Decimal`.
    * In requests and responses, handled the same as a `float`.
* You can check all the valid pydantic data types here: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic data types</a>.

## Example

   * if no streams were processed.
   *
   * @param lastGoodStreamId the last stream ID processed, or zero if no streams were processed.
   * @param errorCode reason for closing the connection.
   * @param debugData only valid for HTTP/2; opaque debug data to send.
   */
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun goAway(
    lastGoodStreamId: Int,
    errorCode: ErrorCode,
    debugData: ByteArray,
  ) {
    this.withLock {