Cette page vise à fournir des détails sur la syntaxe `async def` pour les *fonctions de chemins* et quelques rappels sur le code asynchrone, la concurrence et le parallélisme.

## Vous êtes pressés ?

<abbr title="'too long; didn't read' en anglais, ou 'trop long ; j'ai pas lu'"><strong>TL;DR :</strong></abbr>

Si vous utilisez des bibliothèques tierces qui nécessitent d'être appelées avec `await`, telles que :

```Python
results = await some_library()
```

but you might want to omit them from the result if they were not actually stored.

For example, if you have models with many optional attributes in a NoSQL database, but you don't want to send very long JSON responses full of default values.

### Use the `response_model_exclude_unset` parameter

You can set the *path operation decorator* parameter `response_model_exclude_unset=True`:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    And after searching for a long time for a similar framework and testing many different alternatives, APIStar was the best option available.

And you want to have a way for the frontend to authenticate with the backend, using a **username** and **password**.

We can use **OAuth2** to build that with **FastAPI**.

But let's save you the time of reading the full long specification just to find those little pieces of information you need.

Let's use the tools provided by **FastAPI** to handle security.

## How it looks

    "W",  # pycodestyle warnings
    "F",  # pyflakes
    "I",  # isort
    "B",  # flake8-bugbear
    "C4",  # flake8-comprehensions
    "UP",  # pyupgrade
]
ignore = [
    "E501",  # line too long, handled by black
    "B008",  # do not perform function calls in argument defaults
    "C901",  # too complex
    "W191",  # indentation contains tabs
]

[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]

We are going to start from where we left in the previous chapter and increment it.

## About JWT

JWT means "JSON Web Tokens".

It's a standard to codify a JSON object in a long dense string without spaces. It looks like this:

```
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c
```

![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png)

Bạn sẽ có được auto-completion trong code, thậm chí trước đó là không thể. Như trong ví dụ, khóa `price` bên trong một JSON (đó có thể được lồng nhau) đến từ một request.

Không còn nhập sai tên khóa, quay đi quay lại giữa các tài liệu hoặc cuộn lên cuộn xuống để tìm xem cuối cùng bạn đã sử dụng `username` hay `user_name`.

### Ngắn gọn

---

Another useful case is when you want to have keys of another type (e.g., `int`).

That's what we are going to see here.

In this case, you would accept any `dict` as long as it has `int` keys with `float` values:

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

# Concurrency and async / await

Details about the `async def` syntax for *path operation functions* and some background about asynchronous code, concurrency, and parallelism.

## In a hurry?

<abbr title="too long; didn't read"><strong>TL;DR:</strong></abbr>

If you are using third party libraries that tell you to call them with `await`, like:

```Python
results = await some_library()
```

# 並行処理と async / await

*path operation 関数*のための `async def` に関する詳細と非同期 (asynchronous) コード、並行処理 (Concurrency)、そして、並列処理 (Parallelism) の背景について。

## 急いでいますか？

<abbr title="too long; didn't read (長すぎて読めない人のための要約という意味のスラング)"><strong>TL;DR:</strong></abbr>

次のような、`await` を使用して呼び出すべきサードパーティライブラリを使用している場合:

```Python
results = await some_library()
```

以下の様に `async def` を使用して*path operation 関数*を宣言します。

```Python hl_lines="2"
@app.get('/')