* 0} and {@code 2^32 - 1} inclusive.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> use {@link Integer#compareUnsigned(int, int)} instead.
   *
   * @param a the first unsigned {@code int} to compare
   * @param b the second unsigned {@code int} to compare
   * @return a negative value if {@code a} is less than {@code b}; a positive value if {@code a} is

  /**
   * The largest power of two that can be represented as an unsigned {@code byte}.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static final byte MAX_POWER_OF_TWO = (byte) 0x80;

  /**
   * The largest value that fits into an unsigned byte.
   *
   * @since 13.0
   */
  public static final byte MAX_VALUE = (byte) 0xFF;

  private static final int UNSIGNED_MASK = 0xFF;

  /**

        "value (%s) is outside the range for an unsigned integer value",
        value);
    return fromIntBits(value.intValue());
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code UnsignedInteger} holding the value of the specified {@code String}, parsed as
   * an unsigned {@code int} value.
   *
   * @throws NumberFormatException if the string does not contain a parsable unsigned {@code int}
   *     value
   */

    assertThat(UnsignedInts.saturatedCast(Long.MIN_VALUE)).isEqualTo(LEAST);
  }

  public void testToLong() {
    for (long a : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      assertThat(UnsignedInts.toLong((int) a)).isEqualTo(a);
    }
  }

  public void testCompare() {
    for (long a : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      for (long b : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
        int cmpAsLongs = Longs.compare(a, b);
        int cmpAsUInt = UnsignedInts.compare((int) a, (int) b);

    assertThat(UnsignedInts.saturatedCast(Long.MIN_VALUE)).isEqualTo(LEAST);
  }

  public void testToLong() {
    for (long a : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      assertThat(UnsignedInts.toLong((int) a)).isEqualTo(a);
    }
  }

  public void testCompare() {
    for (long a : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      for (long b : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
        int cmpAsLongs = Longs.compare(a, b);
        int cmpAsUInt = UnsignedInts.compare((int) a, (int) b);

 * primitive utilities</a>.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @author Colin Evans
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class UnsignedLong extends Number implements Comparable<UnsignedLong>, Serializable {

  private static final long UNSIGNED_MASK = 0x7fffffffffffffffL;

    Builder.DuplicateKey duplicateKey = null;
    if (tableSize <= BYTE_MAX_SIZE) {
      /*
       * Use 8 bits per entry. The value is unsigned to allow use up to a size of 2^8.
       *
       * The absent indicator of -1 signed becomes 2^8 - 1 unsigned, which reduces the actual max
       * size to 2^8 - 1. However, due to a load factor < 1 the limit is never approached.
       */

   * is unsigned, so the range of possible returned values is 0–255 or 0–65535, respectively.
   */
  static int tableGet(Object table, int index) {
    if (table instanceof byte[]) {
      return ((byte[]) table)[index] & BYTE_MASK; // unsigned read
    } else if (table instanceof short[]) {
      return ((short[]) table)[index] & SHORT_MASK; // unsigned read
    } else {

   * is unsigned, so the range of possible returned values is 0–255 or 0–65535, respectively.
   */
  static int tableGet(Object table, int index) {
    if (table instanceof byte[]) {
      return ((byte[]) table)[index] & BYTE_MASK; // unsigned read
    } else if (table instanceof short[]) {
      return ((short[]) table)[index] & SHORT_MASK; // unsigned read
    } else {

   * longs, that is, {@code a <= b} as unsigned longs if and only if {@code flip(a) <= flip(b)} as
   * signed longs.
   */
  private static long flip(long a) {
    return a ^ Long.MIN_VALUE;
  }

  /**
   * Compares the two specified {@code long} values, treating them as unsigned values between {@code
   * 0} and {@code 2^64 - 1} inclusive.
   *