db.AddError(field.Set(db.Statement.Context, reflectValue, values[idx]))
		} else { // joinFields count is larger than 2 when using join
			var isNilPtrValue bool
			var relValue reflect.Value
			// does not contain raw dbname
			nestedJoinSchemas := joinFields[idx][:len(joinFields[idx])-1]
			// current reflect value
			currentReflectValue := reflectValue
			fullRels := make([]string, 0, len(nestedJoinSchemas))

	if err := query.First(&result, user.ID).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed, got error: %v", err)
	}

	if result.ID != user.ID {
		t.Fatalf("result's id, %d, doesn't match user's id, %d", result.ID, user.ID)
	}
}

func TestJoinWithSoftDeleted(t *testing.T) {
	user := GetUser("TestJoinWithSoftDeletedUser", Config{Account: true, NamedPet: true})
	DB.Create(&user)

	DB.First(&cc2, "mapped_id = ?", 666)
	if cc2.Name != "bar" {
		t.Errorf("Failed to query CustomizeColumn")
	}
}

func TestCustomColumnAndIgnoredFieldClash(t *testing.T) {
	// Make sure an ignored field does not interfere with another field's custom
	// column name that matches the ignored field.
	type CustomColumnAndIgnoredFieldClash struct {
		Body    string `gorm:"-"`
		RawBody string `gorm:"column:body"`
	}

// [docs] for more depth.
//
//	// add a simple limit clause
//	db.Clauses(clause.Limit{Limit: 1}).Find(&User{})
//	// tell the optimizer to use the `idx_user_name` index
//	db.Clauses(hints.UseIndex("idx_user_name")).Find(&User{})
//	// specify the lock strength to UPDATE
//	db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).Find(&users)
//
// [docs]: https://gorm.io/docs/sql_builder.html#Clauses

			if f.PrimaryKey {
				var found bool
				for _, primaryField := range s.PrimaryFields {
					if primaryField == parsedField {
						found = true
					}
				}

				if !found {
					t.Errorf("schema %v doesn't include field %v", s, f.Name)
				}
			}
		}
	})
}

type Relation struct {
	Name        string
	Type        schema.RelationshipType
	Schema      string
	FieldSchema string
	Polymorphic Polymorphic

//	q := DB.Model(&User{})
//	DB.Debug().Migrator().CreateView("user_view", gorm.ViewOption{Query: q, Replace: true, CheckOption: "WITH CHECK OPTION"})
//
// [subquery]: https://gorm.io/docs/advanced_query.html#SubQuery
func (m Migrator) CreateView(name string, option gorm.ViewOption) error {
	if option.Query == nil {
		return gorm.ErrSubQueryRequired
	}

	sql := new(strings.Builder)

func (db *DB) Update(column string, value interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()
	tx.Statement.Dest = map[string]interface{}{column: value}
	return tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)
}

// Updates updates attributes using callbacks. values must be a struct or map. Reference: https://gorm.io/docs/update.html#Update-Changed-Fields

	ErrInvalidValue = errors.New("invalid value, should be pointer to struct or slice")
	// ErrInvalidValueOfLength invalid values do not match length
	ErrInvalidValueOfLength = errors.New("invalid association values, length doesn't match")
	// ErrPreloadNotAllowed preload is not allowed when count is used
	ErrPreloadNotAllowed = errors.New("preload is not allowed when count is used")
	// ErrDuplicatedKey occurs when there is a unique key constraint violation

	}
}

func TestManyToManyPreloadWithMultiPrimaryKeys(t *testing.T) {
	if name := DB.Dialector.Name(); name == "sqlite" || name == "sqlserver" {
		t.Skip("skip sqlite, sqlserver due to it doesn't support multiple primary keys with auto increment")
	}

	type (
		Level1 struct {
			ID           uint   `gorm:"primary_key;"`
			LanguageCode string `gorm:"primary_key"`
			Value        string
		}

	nullTime := sql.NullTime{}
	err := nullTime.Scan(v)
	t.Time = nullTime.Time
	return err
}

func (t EmptyTime) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
	return time.Now() /* pass tests, mysql 8 doesn't support 0000-00-00 by default */, nil
}

type NullString struct {
	sql.NullString
}

type Point struct {
	X, Y int
}

func (point Point) GormDataType() string {
	return "geo"
}