t.Errorf("invalid data after update, got %+v", product)
	}

	var result Product3
	DB.First(&result, product.ID)

	AssertEqual(t, result, product)

	// Select to change Code, but nothing updated, price should not change
	DB.Model(&product).Select("code").Updates(Product3{Name: "L1214", Code: "L1213"})

	if product.Price != 220 || product.Code != "L1213" || product.Name != "Product New3" {

		totalBatch += batch
		return nil
	}); result.Error == nil || result.RowsAffected > 0 {
		t.Fatal("expected errors to have occurred, but nothing happened")
	}
	if totalBatch != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("incorrect total batch, expected: %v, got: %v", 0, totalBatch)
	}

		if len(onConflict.TargetWhere.Exprs) > 0 {
			builder.WriteString(" WHERE ")
			onConflict.TargetWhere.Build(builder)
			builder.WriteByte(' ')
		}
	}

	if onConflict.DoNothing {
		builder.WriteString("DO NOTHING")
	} else {
		builder.WriteString("DO UPDATE SET ")
		onConflict.DoUpdates.Build(builder)
	}

	if len(onConflict.Where.Exprs) > 0 {
		builder.WriteString(" WHERE ")
		onConflict.Where.Build(builder)

}

func (sd emptyQueryClause) Build(clause.Builder) {
}

func (sd emptyQueryClause) MergeClause(*clause.Clause) {
}

func (sd emptyQueryClause) ModifyStatement(stmt *gorm.Statement) {
	// do nothing
}

func TestAssociationEmptyQueryClause(t *testing.T) {
	type Organization struct {
		gorm.Model
		Name string
	}
	type Region struct {
		gorm.Model
		Name          string