t.Errorf("No error should happen, but got %v", err)
	}

	DB.Migrator().DropTable("log_usage")

	if err := DB.Exec(`
CREATE TABLE public.log_usage (
    log_id bigint NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE public.log_usage ALTER COLUMN log_id ADD GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY (
    SEQUENCE NAME public.log_usage_log_id_seq
    START WITH 1
    INCREMENT BY 1
    NO MINVALUE

	return c.db.Ping()
}

// If you use BeginTx returned *sql.Tx as shown below then you can't record queries in a transaction.
//
//	func (c *wrapperConnPool) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts *sql.TxOptions) (*sql.Tx, error) {
//		 return c.db.BeginTx(ctx, opts)
//	}
//
// You should use BeginTx returned gorm.Tx which could wrap *sql.Tx then you can record all queries.

		t.Fatalf("no error should happen but got %v", err)
	}
}

func TestPreparedStmtFromTransaction(t *testing.T) {
	db := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{PrepareStmt: true, SkipDefaultTransaction: true})

	tx := db.Begin()
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			tx.Rollback()
		}
	}()
	if err := tx.Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Failed to start transaction, got error %v\n", err)
	}

					} else {
						reflectValue.SetLen(0)
						db.Statement.ReflectValue.Set(reflectValue)
					}
				}
			}

			for initialized || rows.Next() {
			BEGIN:
				initialized = false

				if update {
					if int(db.RowsAffected) >= reflectValue.Len() {
						return
					}
					elem = reflectValue.Index(int(db.RowsAffected))
					if onConflictDonothing {

}

func (S Tracer) Error(ctx context.Context, s string, i ...interface{}) {
	S.Logger.Error(ctx, s, i...)
}

func (S Tracer) Trace(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (sql string, rowsAffected int64), err error) {
	S.Logger.Trace(ctx, begin, fc, err)
	S.Test(ctx, begin, fc, err)

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
)

// This regular expression seeks to find a sequence of digits (\d+) among zero or more non-digit characters (\D*),
// with a possible trailing non-digit character (\D?).

// For example, values that can pass this regular expression are:
// - "123"
// - "abc456"
// -"%$#@789"
var regFullDataType = regexp.MustCompile(`\D*(\d+)\D?`)

		if err = fc(tx); err == nil {
			panicked = false
			return tx.Commit().Error
		}
	}

	panicked = false
	return
}

// Begin begins a transaction with any transaction options opts
func (db *DB) Begin(opts ...*sql.TxOptions) *DB {
	var (
		// clone statement
		tx  = db.getInstance().Session(&Session{Context: db.Statement.Context, NewDB: db.clone == 1})
		opt *sql.TxOptions
		err error
	)

type traceRecorder struct {
	Interface
	BeginAt      time.Time
	SQL          string
	RowsAffected int64
	Err          error
}

// New trace recorder
func (l *traceRecorder) New() *traceRecorder {
	return &traceRecorder{Interface: l.Interface, BeginAt: time.Now()}
}

// Trace implement logger interface
func (l *traceRecorder) Trace(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (string, int64), err error) {

		return
	}

	type Smallint int8

	type MigrateInt struct {
		Int8 Smallint
	}

	tracer := Tracer{
		Logger: DB.Config.Logger,
		Test: func(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (sql string, rowsAffected int64), err error) {
			sql, _ := fc()
			if strings.HasPrefix(sql, "ALTER TABLE \"migrate_ints\" ALTER COLUMN \"int8\" TYPE smallint") {

	db.PreparedSQL = append(db.PreparedSQL, query)
	db.Mux.Unlock()

	return cacheStmt, nil
}

func (db *PreparedStmtDB) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opt *sql.TxOptions) (ConnPool, error) {
	if beginner, ok := db.ConnPool.(TxBeginner); ok {
		tx, err := beginner.BeginTx(ctx, opt)
		return &PreparedStmtTX{PreparedStmtDB: db, Tx: tx}, err
	}

	beginner, ok := db.ConnPool.(ConnPoolBeginner)
	if !ok {