LanguageCode string `gorm:"not null;type:varchar(2)"`
	}
	type Item struct {
		gorm.Model
		Logo     string        `gorm:"not null;type:varchar(50)"`
		Contents []ItemContent `gorm:"foreignKey:ItemID"`
	}

	tx := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{})
	tx.Migrator().DropTable(&ItemContent{}, &Item{})
	tx.AutoMigrate(&ItemContent{}, &Item{})

	item := Item{
		Logo: "logo",
		Contents: []ItemContent{

	var productWithItem Product4
	if err := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{SkipHooks: true}).Preload("Item").First(&productWithItem, "name = ?", product.Name).Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("should find product, but got error %v", err)
	}

	if productWithItem.Item.AfterFindCallTimes != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("AfterFind should not be called times:%d", productWithItem.Item.AfterFindCallTimes)
	}
}

type Product5 struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name string

	}

	return db.AddError(tx.Create(values).Error)
}

// check association values has been saved
// if values kind is Struct, check it has been saved
// if values kind is Slice/Array, check all items have been saved
var visitMapStoreKey = "gorm:saved_association_map"

func checkAssociationsSaved(db *gorm.DB, values reflect.Value) bool {
	if visit, ok := db.Get(visitMapStoreKey); ok {

	}

	var got []Level1
	if err := DB.Preload("Level2").Preload("Level2.Level3").Find(&got).Error; err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	if len(got) != 2 {
		t.Errorf("got %v items, expected 2", len(got))
	}

	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got[0], want) && !reflect.DeepEqual(got[1], want) {
		t.Fatalf("got %s; want array containing %s", toJSONString(got), toJSONString(want))
	}

		Number3: 300.1,
		Now:     &now,
		Item1: &QueryResetItem{
			ID:   "u_1_1",
			Name: "item_1_1",
		},
		Item2: &QueryResetItem{
			ID:   "u_1_2",
			Name: "item_1_2",
		},
	}

	q2 := QueryResetNullValue{
		Item1: &QueryResetItem{
			ID:   "u_2_1",
			Name: "item_2_1",
		},
		Item2: &QueryResetItem{
			ID:   "u_2_2",
			Name: "item_2_2",
		},
	}

	tx.AutoMigrate(&ItemParent{}, &ItemChild{})

	item := ItemChild{
		Name: "name",
		ItemParent: ItemParent{
			Logo: "logo",
		},
	}
	if err := tx.Create(&item).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create items, got error: %v", err)
	}

	// test replace
	if err := tx.Model(&item).Association("ItemParent").Unscoped().Replace(&ItemParent{
		Logo: "updated logo",