Istiod is structured as a modular monolith, housing a wide range of functionality from certificate signing, proxy configuration (XDS), traditional Kubernetes controllers, and more.

## Proxy Configuration

Istiod's primary role - and most code - is to dynamically configure proxies (Envoy sidecars and ingress, gRPC, ztunnel, and more). This roughly consists of 3 parts:
1. Config ingestion (inputs to the system)
1. Config translation
1. Config serving (XDS)