for _, pf := range tx.Statement.Schema.PrimaryFields {
				if _, isZero := pf.ValueOf(tx.Statement.Context, reflectValue); isZero {
					return tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx)
				}
			}
		}

		fallthrough
	default:
		selectedUpdate := len(tx.Statement.Selects) != 0
		// when updating, use all fields including those zero-value fields
		if !selectedUpdate {