protected Iterator<Integer> newTargetIterator() {
        return Iterators.concat();
      }
    }.test();
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // slow (~5s)
  public void testConcatOneEmptyIteratorYieldsEmpty() {
    new EmptyIteratorTester() {
      @Override
      protected Iterator<Integer> newTargetIterator() {
        return Iterators.concat(iterateOver());
      }
    }.test();
  }

 * allocations in many common cases.
 *
 * <p>The message string is not formatted unless the exception will be thrown, so the cost of the
 * string formatting itself should not be a concern.
 *
 * <p>As with any performance concerns, you should consider profiling your code (in a production
 * environment if possible) before spending a lot of effort on tweaking a particular element.
 *

          // Note: The only way this CAS could fail is if cancel() has raced with us. That is ok.
          boolean unused = ATOMIC_HELPER.casValue(this, valueToSet, failure);
        }
        return true;
      }
      localValue = value; // we lost the cas, fall through and maybe cancel
    }
    // The future has already been set to something. If it is cancellation we should cancel the
    // incoming future.

    EntryTransformer<String, String, String> concat =
        new EntryTransformer<String, String, String>() {
          @Override
          public String transformEntry(String key, String value) {
            return key + value;
          }
        };
    Map<String, String> transformed = transformEntries(map, concat);

    assertEquals(ImmutableMap.of("a", "a4", "b", "b9"), transformed);

    EntryTransformer<String, String, String> concat =
        new EntryTransformer<String, String, String>() {
          @Override
          public String transformEntry(String key, String value) {
            return key + value;
          }
        };
    Map<String, String> transformed = transformEntries(map, concat);

    assertEquals(ImmutableMap.of("a", "a4", "b", "b9"), transformed);

    step2Waiter.awaitStarted();

    // Everything should still be open.
    assertStillOpen(closeable1, closeable2, closeable3, closeable4);

    // Cancel step 3, resume step 2, and pause in step 4.
    assertWithMessage("step3.cancel()").that(step3.cancel(false)).isTrue();
    step2Waiter.awaitReturned();
    step4Waiter.awaitStarted();

    // Step 1 is not cancelled because it was done.

   *
   * <p>The returned set and its constituent sets use {@code equals} to decide whether two elements
   * are identical, even if the input set uses a different concept of equivalence.
   *
   * <p><i>Performance notes:</i> while the power set of a set with size {@code n} is of size {@code
   * 2^n}, its memory usage is only {@code O(n)}. When the power set is constructed, the input set

      this.state = state;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean cancel(boolean interruptIfRunning) {
      InCompletionOrderState<T> localState = state;
      if (super.cancel(interruptIfRunning)) {
        /*
         * requireNonNull is generally safe: If cancel succeeded, then this Future was still
         * pending, so its `state` field hasn't been nulled out yet.
         *

    assertEquals("d", itr2.next());
    assertEquals("c", itr2.next());
  }

  public void testConcatPartiallyAdvancedFirst() {
    Iterator<String> itr1 = Iterators.concat(singletonIterator("a"), Iterators.forArray("b", "c"));
    assertEquals("a", itr1.next());
    assertEquals("b", itr1.next());
    Iterator<String> itr2 = Iterators.concat(itr1, singletonIterator("d"));

    step2Waiter.awaitStarted();

    // Everything should still be open.
    assertStillOpen(closeable1, closeable2, closeable3, closeable4);

    // Cancel step 3, resume step 2, and pause in step 4.
    assertWithMessage("step3.cancel()").that(step3.cancel(false)).isTrue();
    step2Waiter.awaitReturned();
    step4Waiter.awaitStarted();

    // Step 1 is not cancelled because it was done.