std::vector<IOSpec> v;
  for (const string& name : names) {
    v.push_back(IOSpec(name, DT_INVALID));
  }
  return v;
}

// Specification for an expected edge.
// src is either:
// - input name (as it appears in FunctionDef)
// - name of output tensor (in nested "add:z:0" format)
// dst is either:
// - output name (as it appears in FunctionDef)
// - <name_of_node>:<index_of_this_input_into_node> (this looks the same as

  ASSERT_TRUE(absl::StrContains(backing_device_name, "CPU:0"))
      << backing_device_name;

  // Disable the test if no GPU is present.
  string gpu_device_name;
  if (GetDeviceName(ctx, &gpu_device_name, "GPU")) {
    TFE_TensorHandle* hgpu = TFE_TensorHandleCopyToDevice(
        hcpu, ctx, gpu_device_name.c_str(), status.get());
    ASSERT_TRUE(TF_GetCode(status.get()) == TF_OK) << TF_Message(status.get());

  TF_OperationDescription* init(string type) {
    // Construct op_name to match the name used by REGISTER_OP in the
    // ATTR_TEST_REGISTER calls above.
    string op_name = "CApiAttributesTestOp";
    if (type.find("list(") == 0) {
      op_name += "List";
      type = type.replace(0, 5, "");
      type = type.replace(type.size() - 1, 1, "");
    }
    op_name += type;
    return TF_NewOperation(