)

        # Handle on_startup/on_shutdown locally since Starlette removed support
        # Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
        # TODO: deprecate this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
        self.on_startup: list[Callable[[], Any]] = (
            [] if on_startup is None else list(on_startup)
        )

        ] = {}
        self.router: routing.APIRouter = routing.APIRouter(
            routes=routes,
            redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes,
            dependency_overrides_provider=self,
            on_startup=on_startup,
            on_shutdown=on_shutdown,
            lifespan=lifespan,
            default_response_class=default_response_class,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            callbacks=callbacks,