# Starlette still has incorrect type specification for the handlers
            websocket_request_validation_exception_handler,  # type: ignore
        )

        self.user_middleware: List[Middleware] = (
            [] if middleware is None else list(middleware)
        )
        self.middleware_stack: Union[ASGIApp, None] = None
        self.setup()

            # as is just because it's an instance of a subclass of a more limited class
            # e.g. UserInDB (containing hashed_password) could be a subclass of User
            # that doesn't have the hashed_password. But because it's a subclass, it
            # would pass the validation and be returned as is.