e: IOException,
    call: RealCall,
    userRequest: Request,
  ): Boolean {
    val requestSendStarted = e !is ConnectionShutdownException

    // The application layer has forbidden retries.
    if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure) return false

    // We can't send the request body again.
    if (requestSendStarted && requestIsOneShot(e, userRequest)) return false

    // This exception is fatal.