* 0} and {@code 2^32 - 1} inclusive.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> this method is now unnecessary and should be treated as deprecated; use the
   * equivalent {@link Integer#compareUnsigned(int, int)} method instead.
   *
   * @param a the first unsigned {@code int} to compare
   * @param b the second unsigned {@code int} to compare

 * {@code String} and a {@code String} to a {@code long} that treat the {@code long} as an unsigned
 * number.
 *
 * <p>Users of these utilities must be <i>extremely careful</i> not to mix up signed and unsigned
 * {@code long} values. When possible, it is recommended that the {@link UnsignedLong} wrapper class
 * be used, at a small efficiency penalty, to enforce the distinction in the type system.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a

    Builder.DuplicateKey duplicateKey = null;
    if (tableSize <= BYTE_MAX_SIZE) {
      /*
       * Use 8 bits per entry. The value is unsigned to allow use up to a size of 2^8.
       *
       * The absent indicator of -1 signed becomes 2^8 - 1 unsigned, which reduces the actual max
       * size to 2^8 - 1. However, due to a load factor < 1 the limit is never approached.
       */

  @SuppressWarnings("ShortCircuitBoolean")
  public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(long x) {
    return x > 0 & (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
  }

  /**
   * Returns 1 if {@code x < y} as unsigned longs, and 0 otherwise. Assumes that x - y fits into a
   * signed long. The implementation is branch-free, and benchmarks suggest it is measurably faster
   * than the straightforward ternary expression.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting

   *
   * <p>This is designed for generating persistent fingerprints of strings. It isn't
   * cryptographically secure, but it produces a high-quality hash with few collisions. Fingerprints
   * generated using this are byte-wise identical to those created using the C++ version, but note
   * that this uses unsigned integers (see {@link com.google.common.primitives.UnsignedInts}).

    frameLength = (b1 and B1_MASK_LENGTH).toLong()
    if (frameLength == PAYLOAD_SHORT.toLong()) {
      frameLength = (source.readShort() and 0xffff).toLong() // Value is unsigned.
    } else if (frameLength == PAYLOAD_LONG.toLong()) {
      frameLength = source.readLong()
      if (frameLength < 0L) {
        throw ProtocolException(

   *
   * <p>This is designed for generating persistent fingerprints of strings. It isn't
   * cryptographically secure, but it produces a high-quality hash with few collisions. Fingerprints
   * generated using this are byte-wise identical to those created using the C++ version, but note
   * that this uses unsigned integers (see {@link com.google.common.primitives.UnsignedInts}).

   * 'a'/'A' returns 0 and 'z'/'Z' returns 25. Non-alpha characters return a value of 26 or greater.
   */
  private static int getAlphaIndex(char c) {
    // Fold upper-case ASCII to lower-case and make zero-indexed and unsigned (by casting to char).
    return (char) ((c | CASE_MASK) - 'a');
  }

    for (int i = 1; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      val |= (bytes[i] & 0xFF) << (i * 8);
    }
    return val;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string containing each byte of {@link #asBytes}, in order, as a two-digit unsigned
   * hexadecimal number in lower case.
   *
   * <p>Note that if the output is considered to be a single hexadecimal number, whether this string

     * be assumed.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either of the {@code port} or the {@code flags} arguments
     *     are out of range of an unsigned short
     */
    // TODO: why is this public?
    public TeredoInfo(
        @Nullable Inet4Address server, @Nullable Inet4Address client, int port, int flags) {
      checkArgument(