}

  /**
   * Returns a new range set consisting of the union of this range set and {@code other}.
   *
   * <p>This is essentially the same as {@code TreeRangeSet.create(this).addAll(other)} except it
   * returns an {@code ImmutableRangeSet}.
   *
   * @since 21.0
   */
  public ImmutableRangeSet<C> union(RangeSet<C> other) {
    return unionOf(Iterables.concat(asRanges(), other.asRanges()));
  }

  /**

            Range.openClosed(5, 7),
            Range.open(3, 4));
    subsets:
    for (Set<Range<Integer>> subset : Sets.powerSet(ranges)) {
      assertEquals(TreeRangeSet.create(subset), ImmutableRangeSet.unionOf(subset));

      RangeSet<Integer> mutable = TreeRangeSet.create();
      ImmutableRangeSet.Builder<Integer> builder = ImmutableRangeSet.builder();

      boolean anyOverlaps = false;

```

////

#### Using `Union` or `Optional` { #using-union-or-optional }

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

```

////

#### Uso de `Union` u `Optional` { #using-union-or-optional }

Si estás usando una versión de Python inferior a 3.10, aquí tienes un consejo desde mi punto de vista muy **subjetivo**:

* 🚨 Evita usar `Optional[SomeType]`
* En su lugar ✨ **usa `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

///

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py hl[1,14:15,18:20,33] *}

### `Union` в Python 3.10 { #union-in-python-3-10 }

    assertMinSize(union(emptySet(), emptySet()), 0);
    assertMinSize(union(setSize(2), setSize(3)), 3);
    assertMinSize(union(setSize(3), setSize(2)), 3);
    assertMinSize(union(setSizeRange(10, 20), setSizeRange(11, 12)), 11);
    assertMinSize(union(setSizeRange(11, 12), setSizeRange(10, 20)), 11);
  }

  public void testUnion_maxSize() {
    assertMaxSize(union(emptySet(), emptySet()), 0);

            ),
        ] = None,
        discriminator: Union[str, None] = None,
        strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset,
        multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset,
        allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset,
        max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset,
        decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset,
        examples: Optional[list[Any]] = None,
        example: Annotated[

    headers: Optional[dict[str, Union[Header, Reference]]] = None
    securitySchemes: Optional[dict[str, Union[SecurityScheme, Reference]]] = None
    links: Optional[dict[str, Union[Link, Reference]]] = None
    # Using Any for Specification Extensions
    callbacks: Optional[dict[str, Union[dict[str, PathItem], Reference, Any]]] = None
    pathItems: Optional[dict[str, Union[PathItem, Reference]]] = None

        @app.get("/query_example/")
        def query_example(
            data: Union[str, None] = Query(
                default=None,
                example="query1",
            ),
        ):
            return data

    @app.get("/query_examples/")
    def query_examples(
        data: Union[str, None] = Query(
            default=None,
            examples=["query1", "query2"],
        ),

@app.get(
    "/response_model_union-no_annotation-return_model1",
    response_model=Union[User, Item],
)
def response_model_union_no_annotation_return_model1():
    return DBUser(name="John", surname="Doe", password_hash="secret")


@app.get(
    "/response_model_union-no_annotation-return_model2",
    response_model=Union[User, Item],
)
def response_model_union_no_annotation_return_model2():