// Set initial properties using setProperties to establish the backend
            Properties initialProps = new Properties();
            initialProps.setProperty("initial.key", "initial.value");
            model.setProperties(initialProps);

            // Get the WrapperProperties instance
            Properties wrapperProps = model.getProperties();

            // First read - should initialize cache

            String requiredMavenVersion = (String) result.getProperties().get("prerequisites.maven");
            if (requiredMavenVersion != null) {
                Map<String, String> props = new LinkedHashMap<>(pluginArtifact.getProperties());
                props.put("requiredMavenVersion", requiredMavenVersion);
                pluginArtifact = pluginArtifact.setProperties(props);
            }

            if (sourceDominant) {
                merged.putAll(target.getProperties());
                putAll(merged, source.getProperties(), CHILD_DIRECTORY_PROPERTY);
            } else {
                putAll(merged, source.getProperties(), CHILD_DIRECTORY_PROPERTY);
                merged.putAll(target.getProperties());
            }
            target.setProperties(merged);
            target.setLocation(

        originalSystemProperties = (Properties) System.getProperties().clone();
        // Reset static state of the Handler class before each test for isolation
        resetHandlerState();
        handler = new Handler(mockCifsContext);
    }

    @AfterEach
    void tearDown() throws Exception {
        // Restore system properties and clean up static state
        System.setProperties(originalSystemProperties);
        resetHandlerState();

    /**
     * Set the properties to be used for configuration.
     *
     * @param prp the properties to set
     */
    public static void setProperties(final Properties prp) {
        Config.prp = new Properties(prp);
        try {
            Config.prp.putAll(System.getProperties());
        } catch (final SecurityException se) {
            if (LogStream.level > 1) {

        }

        public List<String> getItems() {
            return items;
        }

        public void setProperties(Map<String, String> properties) {
            this.properties = properties;
        }

        public Map<String, String> getProperties() {
            return properties;
        }
    }

        String checkValue = "value";

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty(key, checkValue);

        Model model = new Model();
        model.setProperties(properties);

        MavenProject project = new MavenProject(model);

        ExpressionEvaluator ee = createExpressionEvaluator(project, null, new Properties());

                throw handleException(context, e);
            }
        } finally {
            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(oldCL);
            System.setProperties(oldProps);
        }
    }

    protected int doInvoke(C context) throws Exception {
        validate(context);
        pushCoreProperties(context);
        pushUserProperties(context);

        return getProperties().elements();
    }

    @Override
    public Set<java.util.Map.Entry<Object, Object>> entrySet() {
        return getProperties().entrySet();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        return getProperties().equals(o);
    }

    @Override
    public Object get(final Object key) {
        return getProperties().get(key);
    }

        Properties properties = getMavenProject(project).getProperties();
        if (value == null) {
            properties.remove(key);
        } else {
            properties.setProperty(key, value);
        }
    }

    @Override
    @Nonnull
    public Map<String, String> getProperties(@Nonnull Project project) {
        return Collections.unmodifiableMap(