checkNotNull(nodeU);
    checkNotNull(nodeV);
    return nodes().contains(nodeU) && successors(nodeU).contains(nodeV);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasEdgeConnecting(EndpointPair<N> endpoints) {
    checkNotNull(endpoints);
    if (!isOrderingCompatible(endpoints)) {
      return false;
    }
    N nodeU = endpoints.nodeU();
    N nodeV = endpoints.nodeV();

   * given nodes is not present in this network.
   *
   * @since 33.1.0
   */
  protected final <T> Set<T> nodePairInvalidatableSet(Set<T> set, N nodeU, N nodeV) {
    return InvalidatableSet.of(
        set,
        () -> nodes().contains(nodeU) && nodes().contains(nodeV),
        () -> String.format(NODE_PAIR_REMOVED_FROM_GRAPH, nodeU, nodeV));
  }

    MutableGraph<N> subgraph =
        (nodes instanceof Collection)
            ? GraphBuilder.from(graph).expectedNodeCount(((Collection) nodes).size()).build()
            : GraphBuilder.from(graph).build();
    for (N node : nodes) {
      subgraph.addNode(node);
    }
    for (N node : subgraph.nodes()) {
      for (N successorNode : graph.successors(node)) {

   * {@code edgeConnectingOrNull(nodeU, nodeV) != null}.
   *
   * <p>In an undirected network, this is equal to {@code hasEdgeConnecting(nodeV, nodeU)}.
   *
   * @since 23.0
   */
  @Override
  boolean hasEdgeConnecting(N nodeU, N nodeV);

  /**
   * Returns true if there is an edge that directly connects {@code endpoints} (in the order, if

  int outDegree(N node);

  /**
   * Returns true if there is an edge that directly connects {@code nodeU} to {@code nodeV}. This is
   * equivalent to {@code nodes().contains(nodeU) && successors(nodeU).contains(nodeV)}.
   *
   * <p>In an undirected graph, this is equal to {@code hasEdgeConnecting(nodeV, nodeU)}.
   *
   * @since 23.0
   */
  @Override
  boolean hasEdgeConnecting(N nodeU, N nodeV);

  /**

  int outDegree(N node);

  /**
   * Returns true if there is an edge that directly connects {@code nodeU} to {@code nodeV}. This is
   * equivalent to {@code nodes().contains(nodeU) && successors(nodeU).contains(nodeV)}.
   *
   * <p>In an undirected graph, this is equal to {@code hasEdgeConnecting(nodeV, nodeU)}.
   *
   * @since 23.0
   */
  @Override
  boolean hasEdgeConnecting(N nodeU, N nodeV);

  /**

  public void validateUndirectedEdges() {
    for (Integer node : network.nodes()) {
      new EqualsTester()
          .addEqualityGroup(
              network.inEdges(node), network.outEdges(node), network.incidentEdges(node))
          .testEquals();
      new EqualsTester()
          .addEqualityGroup(
              network.predecessors(node), network.successors(node), network.adjacentNodes(node))
          .testEquals();

  public void validateUndirectedEdges() {
    for (Integer node : network.nodes()) {
      new EqualsTester()
          .addEqualityGroup(
              network.inEdges(node), network.outEdges(node), network.incidentEdges(node))
          .testEquals();
      new EqualsTester()
          .addEqualityGroup(
              network.predecessors(node), network.successors(node), network.adjacentNodes(node))
          .testEquals();

  /**
   * A value class representing single connection between the origin node and another node.
   *
   * <p>There can be two types of connections (predecessor and successor), which is represented by
   * the two implementations.
   */
  private abstract static class NodeConnection<N> {
    final N node;

    NodeConnection(N node) {
      this.node = checkNotNull(node);
    }

    static final class Pred<N> extends NodeConnection<N> {

        assertThat(graph.degree(node)).isEqualTo(graph.adjacentNodes(node).size() + selfLoopCount);
        assertThat(graph.predecessors(node)).isEqualTo(graph.adjacentNodes(node));
        assertThat(graph.successors(node)).isEqualTo(graph.adjacentNodes(node));
        assertThat(graph.inDegree(node)).isEqualTo(graph.degree(node));
        assertThat(graph.outDegree(node)).isEqualTo(graph.degree(node));