assertEquals(expectedEndpoint, binding.getEndpoint());
        }

        @ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Should reject invalid binding URLs")
        @ValueSource(strings = { "invalid_url", "proto:", "proto:server[]", "proto:[key=]", "proto:[=value]", "proto:server[endpoint=]",
                "proto:[endpoint=]" })
        void testParseInvalidBindingUrls(String url) {

        assertTrue(transformer.isValidUrl("http://www.example.com"));
        assertTrue(transformer.isValidUrl("http://www.example.com/aaa"));
        assertTrue(transformer.isValidUrl("https://www.example.com"));
        assertTrue(transformer.isValidUrl("://www.example.com"));
        assertTrue(transformer.isValidUrl("//www.example.com"));

        assertFalse(transformer.isValidUrl(null));

    void invalidUrlPathThrows() throws Exception {
        // Override the default setup for this specific test
        URL invalidUrl = new URL("smb://server/share/dir"); // no trailing '/'
        when(locator.getURL()).thenReturn(invalidUrl);

        SmbException ex =
                assertThrows(SmbException.class, () -> new DirFileEntryEnumIterator1(tree, parent, "*", (ResourceNameFilter) null, 0));

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should throw DcerpcException for invalid URL format")
        void testConstructor_InvalidUrl() {
            String invalidUrl = "invalid:server";
            assertThrows(DcerpcException.class, () -> new DcerpcPipeHandle(invalidUrl, mockContext, false),
                    "Should throw DcerpcException for invalid protocol");
        }

        @Test